THE  COMMONWEALTH  OF  MASSACHUSETTS 
BULLETIN  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION 
1920,  NUMBER  9 WHOLE  NUMBER,  118 


DIVISION  OF  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  AND  DIVISION  OF  ELEMENTARY 
AND  SECONDARY  EDUCATION  AND  NORMAL  SCHOOLS 


Library  Service  for  Schools 


A MANUAL 

FOR  TEACHERS  AND  LIBRARIANS 
TO  BE  KEPT  IN  THE  SCHOOL  OR  LIBRARY 


Prepared  by 

MARTHA  C.  PRITCHARD,  Former  Librarian,  State  Normal  School,  Bridgewater,  Mass. 
FLORENCE  E.  DAMON,  Librarian,  State  Normal  School,  Bridgewater,  Mass. 

E.  LOUISE  JONES,  Field  Secretary,  Division  of  Public  Libraries,  Department  of  Education 
CLARENCE  D.  KINGSLEY,  Supervisor  of  Secondary  Education,  Department  of  Education 


BOSTON 

WRIGHT  & POTTER  PRINTING  CO.,  STATE  PRINTERS 
32  DERNE  STREET 
1920 


Publication  of  this  Document 

APPROVED  BY  THE 

Supervisor  of  Administration. 


D2?.S 

Mint 

CONTENTS. 


I.  Cooperation  of  public  libraries  with  the  schools,  . 

1.  Circulating  classroom  libraries,  ....... 

2.  Inter-library  loan  privilege,  ....... 

3.  Picture  collections,  ......... 

4.  Special  privileges  for  schools,  ....... 

5.  School  reference  work  at  public  libraries,  . . . . . 

6.  Instruction  in  the  use  of  books  and  libraries,  . . . . 

7.  Children’s  departments,  ........ 

II.  Cooperation  of  other  educational  agencies  with  the  schools, 

1.  Division  of  Public  Libraries  of  the  State  Department  of  Education, 

2.  Traveling  libraries,  ......... 

3.  Museums,  .......... 

4.  Museums  for  children,  ........ 

5.  New  England  Association  of  School  Libraries,  . . . . 

6.  Bookshop  for  boys  and  girls,  ....... 

III.  School  libraries,  .......... 

1.  Normal  school  libraries,  ........ 

2.  High  school  libraries,  ........ 

3.  Standards  for  a high  school  library,  ...... 

IV.  Reference  material  and  books  of  value  to  schools,  .... 

1.  General  reference  material,  ....... 

2.  Reference  material  for  school  subjects,  ..... 

V.  Magazines  of  value  to  schools,  ....... 

1.  Magazines  for  general  reading,  ....... 

2.  Magazines  for  school  subjects,  ....... 

3.  Children’s  magazines,  ........ 

VI.  Magazines  and  recent  books  on  education,  ..... 

1.  Magazines  and  periodicals,  . . . L, 

2.  Recent  books  on  education,  ....... 

VII.  Book  selection  and  book  buying,  ....... 

1.  Library  lists,  .......... 

2.  Sources  of  information  on  new  books,  ..... 

3.  Government  publications,  ....... 

4.  Sources  of  information  on  publishers  and  prices  on  all  books  in 

print  in  the  United  States,  ....... 

5.  Sources  of  information  on  children’s  books,  . 

6.  Books  giving  principles  of  choice  with  recommended  lists, 

7.  Form  recommended  for  requesting  purchase  of  books,  . 

J>  58440 


'Ad 

rv 

cy 

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Foreword,  . 


PAGE 

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PAGE 

VIII.  Catalogs,  classification  systems,  and  vertical  files,  ....  50  * 

1.  Library  catalogs,  .........  50 

2.  Classification  systems,  ........  52 

3.  The  vertical  file,  .........  54 

IX.  Bulletin  boards,  ..........  56 

X.  Library  hour,  ..........  59 

XI.  Professional  relations  of  teachers  and  librarians,  . . . .60 

XII.  Directory  of  publishers,  ........  62 

Appendix.  — Outline  of  lessons  on  the  use  of  books  and  libraries,  . . 64 

I.  For  elementary  schools,  ........  66 

II.  For  high  schools,  .........  73 

III.  Suggested  aids  in  preparing  lessons,  ......  80 


FOREWORD. 


The  purpose  of  this  manual  is  to  assist  teachers,  and  those 
preparing  to  be  teachers,  to  gain  access  to  the  rich  stores  of 
literature  and  illustrative  material  now  at  their  disposal.  The 
generous  and  wise  use  of  such  material  has  already  transformed 
many  a school. 

The  school  and  the  library  need  each  other.  Neither  can 
fully  perform  its  function  without  the  other.  To  help  the 
library  to  know  the  needs  of  the  school  and  the  school  to  know 
the  resources  of  the  libraries  is  one  of  the  chief  purposes  of  this 
manual. 

The  agencies  for  supplying  library  and  illustrative  material 
to  the  schools  are  increasing  so  rapidly  in  number  and  in  the 
scope  of  their  activities  that  this  manual  is  necessarily  incom- 
plete. Information  regarding  agencies  not  here  included  and 
services  not  mentioned  is  earnestly  requested.  Such  informa- 
tion should  be  sent  to  the  Division  of  Public  Libraries,  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  State  House,  Boston. 

Miss  Martha  C.  Pritchard,  former  librarian,  Bridgewater 
Normal  School,  originated  the  idea  of  the  manual  and  pre- 
pared the  first  draft. 

An  Appendix,  prepared  by  a committee  of  school  librarians, 
gives  an  outline  of  lessons  on  the  use  of  books  and  libraries. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/libraryservicefo00mass_0 


LIBRARY  SERVICE  FOR  SCHOOLS. 


I.  COOPERATION  OF  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  WITH 
THE  SCHOOLS. 

Every  city  and  every  town  in  Massachusetts  has  public 
library  service.  With  only  one  exception1  each  of  the  354 
cities  and  towns  has  one  or  more  public  libraries.  A full  list  of 
the  public  libraries  is  given  in  each  report  of  the  Division  of 
Public  Libraries  of  the  State  Department  of  Education.  This 
report  may  be  found  at  any  public  library,  or  will  be  sent  to 
any  one  upon  request.  Other  data  are  given  in  alternate  years, 
such  as  the  hours  when  the  libraries  are  open,  the  number  of 
volumes,  and  the  names  of  the  librarians. 

These  public  libraries  are  offering  valuable  services  to  the 
schools,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  following  sections. 

1.  Circulating  Classroom  Libraries. 

Definition.  — A circulating  classroom  library  is  a group  of 
books  that  may  be  borrowed  by  a teacher  for  temporary  use. 
A group  should  include  at  least  as  many  books  as  there  are 
pupils  in  the  class.  Usually  these  books  may  circulate  in  the 
homes  of  the  pupils,  being  charged  by  the  teacher  and  returned 
to  her. 

Purpose.  — Such  groups  of  books  are  used  in  connection 
with  school  subjects  and  for  recreational  reading.  They  should 
also  help  the  public  library  to  reach  homes  not  yet  using  the 
library. 

Procedure.  — Any  library  in  the  State  may  furnish  class- 
room libraries  to  schools.  Upon  application  to  the  local  libra- 
rian a teacher  can  ascertain  how  to  secure  such  a library. 

In  small  towns  whose  valuation  is  less  than  SI, 000, 000  the 
Division  of  Public  Libraries  of  the  State  Department  of  Educa- 

1 Newbury  does  not  have  a public  library,  but  pays  for  service  in  the  Newburyport  Public 
Library. 


8 


tion  will  send  to  the  public  library  sets  for  school  use.  Apply 
to  the  local  librarian,  giving  a list  of  the  books,  or  the  general 
subject,  and  the  number  of  books  wanted,  and  the  Division 
will,  in  so  far  as  possible,  send  these  books  to  the  public 
library. 

The  following  methods  employed  at  Haverhill,  Springfield, 
and  Boston  are  suggestive : — 

Haverhill  sends  books  monthly  to  grades  4 to  9.  The  city  schools 
are  divided  into  four  districts,  and  books  are  sent  to  one  of  these  dis- 
tricts each  week.  The  teachers  are  expected  on  a Monday  to  send  in 
cards  with  requests  for  the  month.  During  the  week  these  requests 
are  filled  and  books  are  sent  out  on  Friday  of  that  week,  when  the  old 
set  is  collected.  All  books  are  sent  in  baskets.  In  each  basket  is  an 
envelope  containing  an  ordering  card  bearing  the  numbers  of  the  books  in 
the  basket,  and  dates  when  sent  and  when  to  be  returned.  The  ordering 
card  gives  the  date  when  the  new  order  list  is  due.  The  envelope  con- 
tains also  a fresh  card  on  which  the  teacher  may  write  the  names  or 
numbers  of  new  books  or  the  kind  and  number  desired.  A bunch  of 
charging  slips  is  included.  In  the  basket  to  the  assistant  principal  is 
sent  a stamped  addressed  envelope  for  returning  the  new  order  cards. 
When  the  teacher  returns  the  basket  she  puts  the  charging  slips  used 
during  the  last  month  into  the  envelope.  From  these  charging  slips  a 
record  is  made  of  the  circulation  for  that  month  by  classes  and  by  schools. 
All  requests  are  filled  as  far  as  possible,  and  the  librarian  uses  her  judg- 
ment in  supplying  deficiencies  up  to  the  number  of  books  desired.  To 
avoid  congestion  and  delay  at  the  opening  of  the  school  year,  orders  for 
the  sets  desired  in  September  are  sent  to  the  library  in  June. 

The  Springfield  City  Library  furnishes  typewritten  lists  for  each 
grade,  1 to  5,  prepared  by  the  supervisor  of  primary  grades  and  the 
children's  librarian.  Twenty-five  titles  are  included  in  each  set.  Each 
class  receives  two  sets  at  one  time.  No  teacher  is  limited  to  the  books 
on  these  fists,  but  may,  if  she  prefers,  make  her  own  selection.  All 
teachers  above  the  fifth  grade  select  their  own  books.  Sets  are  retained 
in  one  school  a half  year,  and  may  be  exchanged,  renewed,  or  trans- 
ferred for  the  second  half. 

Boston  Public  Library  sends  out  classroom  libraries  to  all  teachers 
who  make  application,  in  the  public  or  parochial  schools  of  the  city. 
Normally  some  1,200  teachers  are  supplied  with  books,  to  the  number 
of  45,000  volumes  a year.  These  books  are  not  made  up  in  sets,  but 
are  selected  to  meet  the  wants  of  individual  teachers,  both  as  to  the 
kind  of  reading  and  the  number  of  volumes.  The  time  of  use  and  ex- 
change is  also  not  fixed.  The  branches  as  well  as  the  Central  Library 
act  as  distributing  centers. 


9 


2.  Inter-Library  Loan  Privilege. 

Provisions  of  the  State  Law.  — “ Any  public  library  may 
lend  its  books  to  any  other  public  library  in  any  city  or  town, 
under  such  conditions  and  regulations  as  may  be  made  in 
writing  by  the  board  of  trustees  so  lending.” 

Purpose.  — To  supply  books  for  study  purposes  to  serious 
readers  in  any  community  however  isolated. 

Procedure.  — The  teacher  should  give  the  local  librarian  a 
list  of  books  desired  or  state  the  topic  under  consideration.  The 
librarian  asks  the  inter-library  loan  privilege  of  a neighboring 
large  library,  or  of  a library  possessing  a special  collection. 
Books  are  sent  to  the  local  library.  Parcel  post  is  usually  paid 
by  the  borrower.  The  books  may  be  kept  a definite  time  in 
accordance  with  rules  of  the  lending  library.  The  teacher  re- 
turns the  books  to  the  local  librarian,  who  returns  them  to  the 
lending  library. 

3.  Picture  Collections. 

Definition.  — An  increasing  number  of  libraries  are  making 
collections  of  mounted  pictures  for  use  in  schools.  The  pictures 
consist  of  good  prints  saved  from  magazines  and  old  books, 
picture  post-cards,  advertising  material,  etc.,  and  of  pictures 
purchased  from  such  firms  as  the  following:  Brown  Picture 
Company,  38  Lovett  Street,  Boston,  Mass.;  Cosmos  Picture 
Company,  481  8th  Avenue,  New  York  City;  Elson  Art  Com- 
pany, 146  Oliver  Street,  Boston,  Mass.;  Perry  Pictures  Com- 
pany, 42  Dartmouth  Street,  Malden,  Mass.;  University  Prints 
Company,  Newton,  Mass.  These  prints  are  mounted,  marked 
with  the  subject,  and  filed  alphabetically.  They  may  be 
drawn  by  schools  or  individuals  just  as  books  are  drawn. 
Some  librarians  lend  sets  of  stereoscopic  views  and  the  stereo- 
scope as  well. 

Procedure.  — Apply  at  the  public  library  for  the  regulations. 

Sources.  — Any  school  or  library  in  the  State  may  borrow 
from  the  Children’s  Museum,  the  Library  Art  Club,  the  Boston 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  and  the  Woman’s  Education  Association. 
Schools  in  the  towns  listed  on  page  11  may  also  borrow  such 
collections  from  the  local  public  library. 


10 


Children’s  Museum.  — To  borrow  from  the  Children’s 
Museum,  address  Miss  Delia  I.  Griffin,  Director,  Children’s 
Museum  of  Boston,  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.  This  Museum  will 
lend  minerals,  shells,  and  photographs  at  any  time  to  schools 
throughout  New  England.  The  photographs  represent  art  and 
architecture  of  France.  French  war  posters  are  also  available. 
Transportation  is  by  express,  and  must  be  paid  both  ways  by 
the  borrower.  It  will  also  be  necessary  for  the  borrower  to  in- 
sure the  French  war  posters. 

Library  Art  Club.  — To  borrow  from  the  Library  Art 
Club,  ascertain  if  the  library  of  your  city  or  town  is  a member, 
in  which  case  ask  for  the  catalog  and  select  from  the  pages 
marked  “ Available  sets.”  The  librarian  should  then  apply  to 
the  secretary,  Miss  Beatrice  E.  Kelliher,  Librarian,  Indian 
Orchard  Branch,  Springfield,  Mass.,  giving  the  address  of  the 
school.  A set  may  be  kept  three  weeks,  or  longer  if  no  other 
call  comes  for  it.  This  applies  to  New  England  only.  Express 
must  be  paid  both  ways.  The  club  now  owns  over  10,000  pic- 
tures, arranged  in  sets,  plainly  marked,  often  with  explanatory 
text,  and  admirably  adapted  to  school  use.  Schools,  as  well  as 
libraries,  are  eligible  for  membership.  Fee,  $11  for  entrance, 
and  $6  annually  thereafter. 

Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts.  — To  borrow  from  the 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  address  Director’s  Office,  Museum  of 
Fine  Arts,  Boston.  The  Museum  will  lend  collections  of  lantern 
slides  and  photographs  to  schools  in  the  State  when  not  needed 
at  the  museum.  Subjects:  European  and  American  paintings; 
Egyptian,  Greek  and  Roman  art;  Oriental  art;  architecture  of 
all  periods;  minor  arts.  Carriage  both  ways  and  cost  of  re- 
placing broken  slides  must  be  paid  by  the  borrower. 

Woman’s  Education  Association.  — To  borrow  from  the 
Woman’s  Education  Association,  write  to  the  secretary  of  the 
committee-  on  libraries,  Miss  Alice  G.  Chandler,  Lancaster, 
Mass.,  and  she  will  state  what  sets,  if  any,  are  available.  The 
pictures  are  intended  principally  for  circulation  among  small 
libraries  in  Massachusetts  only.  Express  one  way  is  paid  by 
the  association. 

For  further  discussion  of  picture  collections  see  — 


11 


Dana  and  Gardner.  Aids  in  High  School  Teaching;  Pictures  and  Ob- 
jects. 1918.  $1.  In  Modern  American  Library  Economy  Series. 

V.  2,  pt.  19.  Elm  Tree  Press. 

• Picture  collection,  rev.  1917.  $1.30.  In  Modern  American  Library 

Economy  Series.  V.  2.  Elm  Tree  Press. 

Fay  and  Eaton.  Use  of  Books  and  Libraries.  1919.  $2.75.  pp.  20, 
446-449.  Boston  Bk. 


List  of  Cities  and  Towns  having  in  their  Public  Libraries  Picture 
Collections  to  lend  to  Schools. 


Arlington. 

Hardwick  (Gilbertville) . 

Petersham. 

Ashland. 

Haverhill. 

Pittsfield. 

Attleboro. 

Hopedale. 

Plymouth. 

Auburn. 

Ipswich. 

Quincy. 

Becket. 

Lancaster. 

Randolph. 

Bellingham. 

Leicester. 

Shrewsbury. 

Belmont. 

Leominster. 

Somerville. 

Bernardston. 

Lexington. 

Southbridge. 

Boston. 

Lowell. 

Springfield. 

Bridgewater. 

Lunenburg. 

Uxbridge. 

Brookfield. 

Lynn. 

Wakefield. 

Brookline. 

Malden. 

Wales. 

Burlington. 

Marlborough. 

Walpole. 

Chicopee. 

Medford. 

Waltham. 

Cohasset. 

Middleborough . 

Ware. 

Dalton. 

Milton. 

Watertown. 

Danvers. 

Monson. 

Webster. 

Deerfield. 

Montague  (Turners  Falls). 

Wellesley. 

Douglas. 

Natick. 

West  Boylston. 

Fairhaven. 

New  Bedford. 

West  Springfield. 

Georgetown. 

Newburyport. 

Westfield. 

Gloucester. 

Newton. 

Wilbraham. 

Grafton. 

North  Adams. 

Worcester. 

Greenfield. 

North  Andover. 

4.  Special  Privileges  for  Schools. 

Teachers’  Cards.  — Practically  every  library  in  the  Com- 
monwealth issues  teachers’  cards  which  allow  special  latitude 
in  the  number  of  books  to  be  borrowed  and  the  length  of  time 
that  they  may  be  kept. 

Special  Shelves.  — On  request  from  a teacher,  most  li- 
brarians are  glad  to  assign  shelves  upon  which  books  may  be 
reserved  for  ready  access.  The  teacher  should  advise  the 
librarian  of  books  she  desires  to  have  accessible  in  this  way 
before  giving  assignments  to  the  pupils,  in  order  that  the  books 
may  be  held  at  the  library. 


12 


Special  Collections.  — Almost  every  library  has  some 
special  collection  of  value  in  school  work,  such  as:  — 

Local  history:  Leominster,  Stockbridge. 

Local  industries : North  Adams. 

Natural  history  collection:  Fitchburg. 

School  work  representing  each  department  of  curriculum  for  annual 

exhibit:  Malden. 

See  also  “Museums,”  page  15. 

5.  School  Reference  Work  at  Public  Libraries. 

Some  large  libraries  have  a special  room,  usually  near  the 
children’s  room,  for  school  reference  work. 

A notable  example  is  the  beautiful  teachers’  room  of  the 
Boston  Public  Library.  Here  are  gathered  general  reference 
books,  books  and  magazines  on  education,  pamphlets  and  pic- 
tures of  use  to  teachers,  and  a small  collection  of  standard 
books  for  children  in  representative  editions.  Teachers  from 
any  town  or  city  are  welcome  to  use  these  opportunities  for 
study  and  help. 

Under  ideal  conditions  a special  librarian  prepared  to  give 
expert  assistance  on  school  matters  is  in  charge  of  such  a room. 
Public  opinion  will  be  educated  to  provide  such  help  when 
teachers  avail  themselves  of  present  opportunities. 

The  following  public  libraries  have  a special  reference  assist- 
ant for  school  work:  Boston,  Brockton,  Brookline,  Lawrence, 
Newton,  Somerville,  and  Springfield. 

6.  Instruction  in  the  Use  of  Books  and  Libraries. 

Adequate  progressive  instruction  should  be  given  to  all 
pupils  in  elementary  and  secondary  schools  on  the  use  of 
books  and  libraries.  Such  instruction  should  be  given  in  all 
the  schools,  even  though  the  library  facilities  are  limited.  An 
outline  of  such  lessons  is  given  in  the  Appendix  of  this  bulletin. 

Many  public  libraries  are  giving  such  instruction  to  classes 
of  children  at  the  library  building.  In  a town  where  such  in- 
struction has  not  been  given,  the  teacher  and  the  librarian 
should  cooperate  in  establishing  it.  If  necessary,  the  Division 
of  Public  Libraries  of  the  State  Department  of  Education  will 
send  some  one  to  help. 


13 


For  further  discussion  see  — 

Hopkins,  F.  M.  Reference  Guides  that  Should  Be  Known  and  How  to 
Use  Them.  Willard. 1 1919. 

Kerr,  W.  H.  Library  Aids  for  Teachers  and  School  Librarians.  Rev. 
ed.  Wilson.1  1921. 

Ward,  Gilbert.  Suggestive  Outlines  for  Teaching  the  Use  of  Books  and 
Libraries.  Faxon.1  1919. 

Wilson,  Martha.  School  Library  Management.  Wilson. 1 1919.  pp. 

107-118. 

Wisconsin  Department  of  Public  Instruction.  Lessons  on  the  Use  of 
the  Library,  prepared  by  0.  S.  Rice.  Madison,  Wis.,  1915. 

7.  Children’s  Departments. 

Children’s  rooms  are  a practical  necessity  to-day.  A 
separate  room  for  the  children  gives  better  facilities  for  the 
children’s  work  and  more  quiet  and  better  service  for  the 
adults.  In  this  room  lessons  in  the  use  of  the  library  and  of 
reference  books  are  often  given  to  all  the  children  from  a given 
class  of  a school.  Here  story  hours  are  held  frequently  and 
exhibits  occasionally. 

The  children’s  librarians  are  the  teacher’s  closest  allies.  Co- 
operation between  them  should  secure  far-reaching  results,  such 
as  higher  standards  of  taste  in  reading.  When  the  library  staff 
contains  only  one  or  two  persons,  there  is  still  opportunity  for 
cooperation. 


i For  Directory  of  Publishers  see  page  62. 


14 


II.  COOPERATION  OF  OTHER  EDUCATIONAL 
AGENCIES  WITH  THE  SCHOOLS. 


1.  Division  of  Public  Libraries  of  the  State  Depart- 
ment of  Education. 

Advisory  Capacity.  — Assists  in  the  solution  of  problems 
of  organization  and  administration  of  school  libraries. 

Cooperates,  upon  request,  in  the  selection  of  books  for  school 
libraries,  and  recommends  titles  for  purchase. 

Answers  requests  for  occasional  reading  lists. 

Educational  Capacity.  — Provides  for  demonstration  or 
instruction  in  methods  of  using  the  library. 

Conducts  a library  institute  in  connection  with  the  summer 
session  of  Simmons  College. 

Gives  lectures  in  normal  schools  on  library  resources  avail- 
able to  teachers. 

Distributing  Capacity.  — Makes  an  annual  gift  of  books, 
and  occasionally  books  on  timely  subjects,  to  public  libraries  in 
small  towns  for  interchange  in  rural  schools.  The  librarian 
may  ask  the  Division  to  include  books  that  the  teachers  de- 
sire. 

Information.  — For  information  address  Miss  E.  Louise 
Jones,  Field  Secretary,  Division  of  Public  Libraries,  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  State  House,  Boston. 

Work  with  Foreigners.  — Towns  in  which  work  with 
foreigners  is  being  done,  or  should  be  started,  may  secure 
reading  lists  suitable  for  beginning  English,  and  lists  of  books 
in  foreign  languages.  Traveling  libraries  in  ‘foreign  languages 
are  also  furnished.  Teachers  or  librarians  interested  should 
address  Miss  J.  M.  Campbell,  Director  of  Work  with  Foreign- 
ers, Division  of  Public  Libraries,  Department  of  Education, 
State  House,  Boston. 


15 


2.  Traveling  Libraries. 

Definition.  — The  Woman’s  Education  Association,  through 
its  committee  on  libraries,  sends  a limited  number  of  groups  of 
books  in  boxes  to  small  public  libraries  in  the  State.  Occasion- 
ally these  groups  are  lent  to  schools  in  Massachusetts. 

Scope  of  Service  to  Schools.  — Any  teacher  in  a small 
Massachusetts  town  who  needs  a classroom  library  may  apply 
for  such  a box  of  books  for  her  school,  and  if  possible  her  re- 
quest will  be  granted.  All  these  sets  are  made  up  in  printed 
lists.  A box  contains  about  thirty-five  books. 

Procedure.  — Address  Miss  Alice  G.  Chandler,  Lancaster, 
Mass.  Libraries  may  be  kept  six  months,  or  a year,  if  desired. 
Express  to  the  borrower  will  be  prepaid  by  the  Woman’s 
Education  Association.  When  returning  the  library  to  Miss 
Chandler,  the  borrower  must  prepay  the  express. 

3.  Museums. 

In  preparation  for  the  worthy  use  of  leisure,  now  recognized 
as  an  important  purpose  of  education,  appreciation  of  the  arts 
and  crafts,  of  the  wonders  of  the  universe,  and  of  landmarks  of 
history  should  be  developed. 

Massachusetts  affords  her  schools  unusual  advantages  for 
cultivating  this  appreciation.  The  State  abounds  in  historic 
associations  dating  from  the  earliest  days  of  American  settle- 
ments. Valuable  collections  are  maintained,  also,  by  city 
museums,  by  many  colleges,  and  by  many  public  libraries.  The 
following  list 1 gives  various  museums  in  the  State  open  to  the 
general  public  at  stated  hours:  — 

List  of  Museums. 

Amherst.  Amherst  College  Museum,  Amherst,  Mass.  Geological  and 
zoological  collections  and  library.  Open  free  daily. 

Massachusetts  Agricultural  College.  Zoological  collection.  Open 
free  Saturdays,  1 to  5 p.m.;  week  days,  2.15  to  4.15  p.m. 

Andover.  John-Esther  Art  Gallery,  Abbott  Academy.  Modern  paint- 
ings and  Roman  bronzes.  Open  Saturdays,  2 to  5. 

Phillips  Academy.  Department  of  American  Archaeology.  Museum. 
Open  free. 


1 Compiled  from  Rea,  P.  M.,  Directory  of  American  Museums,  1910,  Buffalo  Society  of 
Natural  Sciences,  and  the  American  Art  Annual,  Vol.  XV,  1918,  American  Federation  of  Arts. 


16 


Boston.  Children’s  Art  Center,  36  Rutland  Street.  Works  of  art  and 
fine  handicraft.  (See  page  19.) 

Isabella  Stewart  Gardner  Collection,  Fenway  Court.  Open  on 
certain  days,  12  to  3 p.m.  Admission  by  ticket  only.  Price  $1. 
Information  at  Herrick’s  Ticket  Agency,  Copley  Square. 

Harvard  Medical  School.  Warren  Anatomical  Museum.  Special 
exhibits  illustrating  poliomyelitis  (infantile  paralysis)  and  in- 
juries from  the  European  battlefields.  Open  free  week  days, 

9 to  1,  2 to  5;  Saturdays,  9 to  12. 

Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  1154  Boylston  Street.  Open  free 
Wednesdays,  2 to  4 p.m. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Huntington  Avenue.  International  art  dis- 
plays and  library.  Open  daily  (except  holidays).  Week  days, 
from  9 to  5;  Sundays,  from  1 to  5. 

Museum  of  Natural  History.  Botanical,  zoological,  geological,  and 
paleontological  collections.  Open  free  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays, 

10  to  4.30;  Sundays,  1 to  4.30.  Other  days,  25  cents  admission. 
Old  South  Meeting  House.  Historical  relics.  Open  week  days,  9 to 

5.  Admission,  25  cents. 

Old  State  House.  Portraits,  historical  relics  and  library.  Open 
free  week  days  (except  holidays),  9 to  4. 

Public  Library,  Copley  Square.  Art  collection  and  library.  Open 
week  days,  9 a.m.  to  10  p.m.;  Sundays,  12  to  10. 

Society  for  Preservation  of  New  England  Antiquities,  Otis  House, 
2 Lynde  Street.  Museum  of  antiquities.  Open  free  to  members; 
small  charge  to  others. 

Society  of  Arts  and  Crafts,  9 Park  Street.  Permanent  exhibition 
and  salesroom.  Public  welcome.  Week  days,  9 to  5;  Saturdays, 

9 to  1. 

Bourne.  Old  Colony  Union.  Free  exhibit  of  Industrial  School. 
Brockton.  Public  Library.  Municipal  Gallery.  Open  free,  9 a.m. 
to  9 p.m.  week  days. 

Brookline.  Fitzgerald  Art  Gallery,  410  Washington  Street.  Open 
free,  week  days,  9 to  12  a.m.,  1 to  5 p.m. 

Cambridge.  Fogg  Art  Museum,  Harvard  University.  Fine  arts,  modern 
and  ancient,  and  library.  Open  free  week  days,  9 to  5;  Sundays, 
1 to  5 (during  term  time). 

Peabody  Museum,  Harvard  University.  Rare  collection  of  ethno- 
logical and  archseological  material  and  library.  Open  free  daily 
(except  holidays),  9 to  5. 

Semitic  Museum,  Harvard  University.  Collections  illustrative  of 
art,  religion,  literature,  and  manners  of  Semitic  peoples.  Open 
free  week  days,  9 to  5. 

Sever  Hall  Collection,  Harvard  University.  Classical  antiquities. 
Open  to  public  Mondays,  2 to  5. 

Zoological  Collection  and  Library.  Collections  of  typical  animals, 
wax  flowers.  Open  free  Week  days,  9 to  5;  Sundays,  1 to  5. 


17 


Charlestown.  United  States  Navy  Yard  Museum.  Extensive  collec- 
tion of  models  and  pictures,  and  library  pertaining  to  naval  litera- 
ture and  science.  Open  week  days,  9 to  12  and  1 to  4. 

Clinton.  Historical  Society,  Holder  Memorial  Building.  Historical 
articles  of  town  and  vicinity.  Open  week  days,  1.30  to  4. 

Danvers.  Historical  Society,  First  National  Bank  Building.  Historical 
relics  and  library.  Open  to  public  Saturdays,  2 to  5. 

Deerfield.  Pocumtuck  Valley  Memorial  Association,  Memorial  Hall. 
Historical  relics.  Open  week  days,  9 to  12  and  1 to  5.  Admission, 
10  cents. 

Fitchburg.  Public  Library,  610  Main  Street.  Library  and  museum. 
Open  free  daily,  9 to  5. 

Greenfield.  Historical  Society.  Collections  of  relics  and  library.  Open 
once  a month. 

Haverhill.  1640.  Historical  Society,  240  Water  Street.  Arts  and 
crafts,  curios  and  relics. 

Hingham.  Society  of  Arts  and  Crafts.  Exhibition  of  arts  and  craits. 

Ipswich.  Ipswich  Historical  Society.  Old  furniture,  historical  relics  and 
library. 

Jamaica  Plain.  Children's  Museum.  (|3ee  page  19.) 

Lancaster.  Thayer  Museum.  Ornithology.  Open  free  Mondays, 
Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  8 to  5. 

Leominster.  Public  Library.  Museum  and  library.  Open  to  public 
during  library  hours. 

Lexington.  Historical  Society,  Hancock-Clark  House.  Museum  and 
library.  Open  to  public  daily.  April  and  December,  9.30  to  6; 
other  months,  11  to  4. 

Lowell.  Lowell  Historical  Society,  Memorial  Hall.  Historical  collec- 
tions and  library. 

Lynn.  Historical  Society.  Historical  objects. 

Marblehead.  Historical  Society.  Extensive  historical  material. 

Marlborough.  Society  of  Natural  History.  Minerals,  shells,  corals, 
birds,  objects  of  historical  interest,  and  Japanese  articles.  Open 
free  third  Thursday  of  every  month,  2.30  to  7.30. 

Medford.  Historical  Society.  Rare  books,  manuscripts,  prints,  por- 
traits, and  relics. 

Barnum  Museum,  Tufts  College.  Collection  of  natural  history 
specimens. 

Melrose.  Historical  Society.  Open  free  daily,  June  to  September, 
2 to  7.30;  Sundays,  3 to  6 p.m. 

Methuen.  Historical  Society.  Paintings  and  local  historical  material. 

Nantucket.  Historical  Association.  Objects  of  local  historical  interest. 
Open  June  15  to  September  15. 

New  Bedford.  Free  Public  Library.  Permanent  art  collection.  Open 
daily  9 a.m.  to  9 p.m. 

Old  Dartmouth  Historical  Society.  Objects  of  historical  interest,  — 
Indian  curios,  printing,  engravings,  ceramics,  and  textiles  of 


18 


colonial  period.  Open  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  10  to  1;  Tues- 
days, Thursdays,  and  Saturdays,  2 to  5.  Admission,  25  cents  to 
non-members. 

Swain  Free  School  of  Design,  391  County  Street.  Paintings. 

Newburyport.  Historical  Society  of  Old  Newbury.  Historical  collec- 
tions. 

Northampton.  Forbes  Library,  West  Street.  Pictures  of  all  kinds  and 
library. 

Smith  College.  Hillyer  Art  Gallery.  Paintings,  bronzes,  casts,  and 
photographs.  Open  free  daily,  9 to  1 and  2 to  4;  Sundays,  2.30 
to  4.30. 

Zoological  Park.  Open  free  daily. 

Peabody.  Historical  Society,  Warren  National  Bank  Building,  Peabody 
Square.  Collection  of  local  pottery,  etc. 

Pittsfield.  Berkshire  Athenaeum  and  Museum.  Natural  history  and 
art.  Open  free  daily. 

Plymouth.  Pilgrim  Society,  Pilgrim  Hall.  Collection  of  historical  relics, 
portraits,  old  books,  and  documents. 

Rehoboth.  Antiquarian  Society. 

Salem.  Essex  Institute,  132  Essex  Street.  Paintings  and  large  collec- 
tion of  historical  objects.  Open  free  daily,  9 to  5;  Sundays,  2 
to  5. 

Peabody  Museum,  161  Essex  Street.  Natural  history  collections, 
oriental  ethnology,  historical  collection  of  portraits.  Open  free 
daily,  9 to  5;  Sundays,  2 to  5. 

Sharon.  Historical  Society. 

Somerville.  Historical  Society. 

South  Hadley.  Mount  Holyoke  College.  Dwight  Art  Memorial. 
Paintings,  casts,  photographs,  bronzes,  pottery,  and  archaeo- 
logical material,  and  library.  Open  free  daily,  9 to  12.30  p.m.; 
2 to  6 and  7.30  to  9.30  p.m.;  Sundays,  12  to  1 p.m.. 

South  Natick.  Historical,  Natural  History,  and  Library  Society. 

Springfield.  Art  Museum.  Works  of  art,  including  casts,  paintings, 
arms  and  armor,  statuary,  oriental  pottery,  bronzes.  Open  free 
week  days  (except  holidays),  2 to  6,  from  March  21  to  September 
21,  and  1 to  5 from  September  22  to  March  20. 

City  Library  Association,  State  Street.  Art  exhibits  and  library. 
Open  free  week  days,  9 to  9 p.m. 

Museum  of  Natural  History.  Botanical,  zoological,  and  historical 
collection  and  library.  Open  free  daily,  2 to  6. 

Zoological  Park. 

Taunton.  Bristol  County  Academy  of  Sciences. 

Wellesley.  Wellesley  College.  Farnsworth  Museum.  Antique  sculp- 
ture, laces  and  vestments,  Indian  baskets,  modern  paintings,  and 
photographs.  Open  free  week  days,  8.30  to  5.30. 

Westborough.  Historical  Society. 

West  Newbury.  Natural  History  Club. 


19 


Williamstown.  Williams  College  Museum.  Etchings,  photographs, 
and  natural  history. 

Woburn.  Woburn  Public  Library.  Paintings,  sculptures,  and  books  on 
art.  Open  Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and  Fridays,  9 to  6;  Tuesdays 
and  Thursdays,  9 to  8;  Saturdays,  9 to  9. 

Woods  Hole.  United  States  Bureau  of  Fisheries. 

Worcester.  American  Antiquarian  Society,  Salisbury  Street  and  Park 
Avenue. 

Clark  University.  Library  building.  Pictures  and  pedagogical 
museum.  Open  free  daily. 

Free  Public  Library,  12  Elm  Street.  Carbon  photographs  of  paint- 
ings, architecture,  sculpture,  etc. 

Natural  History  Society,  12  State  Street.  Local  collections  and  li- 
brary. Open  free  weekdays  (except  holidays),  9 to  12  and  2 to  5. 
Worcester  Art  Museum.  Paintings,  Japanese  prints,  engravings, 
metal  work,  colonial  silver,  sculpture,  textiles,  and  library.  Open 
free  except  Mondays  and  Thursdays,  10  to  5;  Sundays,  2 to  5.30. 

4.  Museums  for  Children. 

Children’s  Art  Center,  36  Rutland  Street,  Boston.  Hours 
open:  Daily,  2 to  6 p.m.  Wednesdays,  also,  7.30  to  9.30  p.m.; 
Saturdays,  10  a.m.  to  6 p.m.  Admission  free. 

An  artistic  little  museum  for  children.  Opened  May  2,  1918, 
as  an  adjunct  to  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts.  Exhibitions  of 
value  and  interest  to  children.  Classes  in  modeling  and  drawing. 

Children’s  Museum,  Olmstead  Park,  Jamaica  Plain, 
Boston.  Hours  open:  Daily,  9 to  5.  Admission  free. 

A beautiful  old  residence  turned  into  a museum  and  library, 
with  a lecture  hall  on  the  second  floor.  Natural  history  ma- 
terial and  historical  and  art  treasures  are  displayed  in  accessible 
groups.  Books  dealing  with  the  collections  are  available 
through  the  curators,  who  talk  freely  with  the  visitors.  Lec- 
tures with  lantern  slides  are  given  frequently  on  Saturday  and 
Sunday  afternoons.  Groups  of  Scouts,  Camp  Fire  Girls,  and 
clubs  of  boys  and  girls  from  neighboring  towns  and  cities  are 
frequent  visitors. 

For  materials  prepared  for  lending  exhibits,  see  page  9. 

5.  New  England  Association  of  School  Libraries. 

Aims.  — This  organization,  founded  in  1918,  aims  to  render 
all  possible  assistance  to  teachers,  school  librarians,  and  public 
librarians  in  matters  pertaining  to  the  organization,  equipment, 


20 


and  administration  of  the  school  library,  and  the  selection  and 
use  of  books. 

Standardization.  — It  also  desires  to  help  set  adequate 
standards  for  school  libraries  and  their  administrators,  in  order 
that  school  libraries  in  New  England  may  be  on  an  equal  rating 
with  school  libraries  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 

Meetings.  — Two  meetings  are  held  each  year,  — in  the 
fall  and  spring.  The  annual  meeting  is  held  on  the  second 
Saturday  in  May,  in  or  near  Boston.  Persons  in  any  section  of 
New  England  wishing  to  have  a local  conference  at  some  central 
point  to  arouse  interest  in  school  libraries  may  have  help  in 
arranging  such  a meeting  by  applying  to  the  president,  Miss 
Mary  H.  Davis,  Librarian,  High  School,  Brookline,  Mass. 

Book  Conference.  — Saturday  book  conferences  are  held  in 
cooperation  with  the  Bookshop  for  Boys  and  Girls  at  Perkins 
Hall,  264  Boylston  Street,  Boston,  from  January  through  May. 
Subjects  such  as  “ Value  of  Modern  Poetry  to  the  Modern  Girl 
and  Boy,”  “Recent  Books  Interesting  to  Young  People,”  and 
“Fairy  Tales,  Past  and  Present”  are  presented  by  persons 
closely  allied  to  work  with  books  and  children.  Talks  are  fol- 
lowed by  questions  and  discussion.  For  information  and  pro- 
gram apply  to  the  Director  of  the  Bookshop  for  Boys  and  Girls, 
at  the  address  given  above. 

Membership.  — For  membership  in  the  association  send  $1 
as  annual  dues  to  Miss  Edith  K.  Coulman,  Secretary-Treas- 
urer, Librarian,  High  School,  Quincy,  Mass. 

6.  Bookshop  for  Boys  and  Girls. 

The  Bookshop  for  Boys  and  Girls  is  a department  of  the 
Woman’s  Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  in  which  the  best 
children’s  books  and  expert  advice  on  selecting  them  may  be 
secured.  Signed  reviews  of  new  books  for  young  people  are 
made  by  a committee  of  teachers  and  librarians,  and  are  on 
file  at  the  shop  for  public  use.  For  information  or  assistance 
address  Miss  Bertha  Mahony,  Director,  264  Boylston  Street, 
Boston.  (See  also  Book  Conference,  on  page  20.) 


21 


III.  SCHOOL  LIBRARIES. 


The  school  library  is  a collection  of  books,  magazines,  and 
illustrative  material  adapted  to  the  needs  of  students.  It  sup- 
plements the  work  of  every  department  in  the  school.  It  is 
not  simply  a storehouse  of  such  material.  The  modern  school 
library  is  so  arranged  as  to  attract  the  students  and  to  intro- 
duce them  to  its  resources.  Bulletin  boards  tell  the  students 
of  current  events,  and  of  books  and  magazines  that  they  will  en- 
joy. They  are  encouraged  to  come  to  the  library  to  read  for  sheer 
pleasure  as  well  as  to  gain  help  in  their  school  work.  The  li- 
brarian teaches  the  use  of  all  the  material  in  order  to  make 
intelligent  users  of  any  library,  school  or  public. 

To  keep  the  library  in  use  to  the  limit  of  its  capacity  every 
hour  of  the  day  is  the  ambition  of  every  school  librarian.  Eng- 
lish and  history  classes  have  library  periods  as  part  of  their 
class  work,  literary  clubs  hold  meetings  there,  and  classes  are 
brought  to  see  exhibits  and  lantern  slides.  The  school  library 
is  the  clearing  house  for  illustrative  material  for  the  entire 
school.  With  the  introduction  of  project  work,  vocational 
guidance,  and  supervised  study,  the  library  is  an  absolute  ne- 
cessity. 


1.  Normal  School  Libraries. 

Massachusetts  Normal  Art  School.  Volumes,  1,700  (Reference 
Volumes). 

At  present  there  is  no  regularly  appointed  librarian.  Students  use 
the  library  under  the  direction  of  the  curator  and  various  in- 
structors. Classification  and  cataloging  are  under  organization. 

Bridgewater.  Volumes,  16,393. 

Florence  Damon,  Librarian. 

Course  in  library  instruction  required  of  all  juniors,  thirteen  weeks, 
three  periods  a week. 

Course  in  book  selection  for  boys  and  girls  required  of  all  seniors, 
thirteen  weeks,  three  periods  a week. 

Students  in  three-year  courses  may  elect  library  work  through  the 
entire  three  years. 


22 


Fitchburg.  Volumes,  15,000. 

Elsie  P.  Schmidt,  Librarian. 

Course  in  library  instruction  required  of  all  juniors,  forty  weeks, 
one  period  per  week. 

Framingham.  Volumes,  5,126. 

Maude  B.  Gerritson,  Teacher-in-charge. 

Course  in  library  instruction  required  of  all  juniors.  Book  selection 
for  boys  and  girls,  twenty-four  periods  under  department  of  Eng- 
lish. 

Hyannis.  Volumes,  3,000. 

Katharine  C.  Cotter,  Teacher-in-charge. 

Library  instruction  in  connection  with  English  work.  Book  selection 
for  boys  and  girls,  ten  periods.  Use  of  library  reference  books. 

Lowell.  Volumes,  2,700. 

Ethel  E.  Kimball,  Librarian. 

Course  in  library  instruction  required  of  all  juniors,  thirty-eight 
weeks,  one  period  per  week. 

Course  in  library  instruction  required  of  all  seniors,  twenty-six 
weeks,  one  period  per  week. 

Librarian  also  serves  as  secretary  to  the  principal. 

North  Adams.  Volumes,  8,594. 

Mary  Louise  Baright,  Teacher-in-charge. 

Instruction  in  the  content  and  use  of  the  library. 

Salem.  Volumes,  12,000. 

Agnes  C.  Blake,  Librarian. 

Course  in  library  instruction,  including  class  work  and  regular 
study,  required  of  all  juniors  for  a half  year,  two  periods  a week. 
In  addition,  twenty  to  thirty  minutes’  regular  laboratory  work  is 
required  once  a week  for  a half  year.  This  work  does  not  include 
the  instruction  in  children’s  literature,  which  is  given  in  the  depart- 
ment of  English  language  and  literature. 

Westfield.  Volumes,  4,000. 

There  is  no  regularly  appointed  librarian. 

Library  instruction  is  given  as  part  of  the  course  in  literature  during 
senior  year. 

Worcester.  Volumes,  13,000. 

Mary  L.  Howard,  Teacher-in-charge. 

Course  in  library  instruction  and  practice  required  of  all  students, 
one  hour  per  week  through  three  half-year  terms,  fifty-seven 
hours. 

Study  of  reference  books  and  supplementary  material  in  literature, 
nature  study,  history,  geography,  etc.,  for  boys  and  girls  in  the 
training  school,  one  period  of  thirty  minutes  per  week  during  the 
3rear. 


23 


2.  High  School  Libraries. 


The  following  high  schools  have  trained  librarians  devoting 
all  their  time  to’  the  high  school  library : — 


Beverly. 

Brookline. 

Lynn,  English. 
North  Attleborough. 
Quincy. 


Somerville. 

Taunton. 

Waltham. 

Worcester,  Commerce. 


The  following  additional  high  schools  have  teacher-librarians, 
with  more  or  less  library  training,  devoting  part  of  their  time 
to  the  high  school  library : — 

Milford. 

Newton,  Technical. 

North  Attleborough. 
Walpole. 

Woburn. 


Amesbury. 
Boston,  Brighton. 
Clinton. 

Fall  River. 

Framingham. 

Lexington. 


The  following  additional  high  schools  have  a teacher  devoting 
entire  time  to  the  library : — 


Fitchburg. 

Haverhill. 

Holyoke. 

3.  Standards  for  a LIigh  School  Library. 

For  complete  standards  for  the  organization  and  equipment 
for  school  libraries,  see  pamphlet,  “ Standard  Library  Organiza- 
tion and  Equipment  for  Secondary  Schools  of  Different  Sizes/’  by 
C.  C.  Certain,  A.  L.  A.  Pub.  Board,  Chicago,  25  cents.  These 
standards  were  adopted  by  the  New  England  Association  of 
School  Libraries  in  1918. 

The  following  brief  statement  of  standards  may  be  helpful:  — 

(1)  Appropriate  Housing  and  Equipment.  — The  reading  room 
in  a large  high  school  should  accommodate  5 to  10  per  cent  of 
the  membership,  seated  at  library  tables.  In  a small  high 
school  the  library  should  be  combined  with  the  study  hall,  so 
as  to  be  available  continuously.  A library  should  never  be 


24 


placed  in  a small  room,  as  such  placement  will  generally  result 
in  its  inaccessibility. 

In  a large  or  medium-sized  high  school  the  library  should 
articulate  with  a study  hall.  A librarian’s  workroom,  library 
classroom,  teachers’  study,  and  conference  rooms  for  students 
and  teachers  should  also  articulate  with  the  library. 

(2)  Professionally  Trained  Librarian.  — A college  degree  and 
technical  library  training. 

(a)  Large  and  medium-sized  high  schools  should  have  a full- 
time librarian,  with  at  least  one  year  of  an  approved  library 
school  and  two  years  of  library  or  school  experience. 

( b ) Small  high  schools  should  have  a teacher-librarian,  with 
at  least  a six  weeks’  course  in  library  methods  and  one  year  of 
teaching  or  library  experience. 

(3)  Scientific  Care  and  Selection  of  Books  and  Material.  — 
Collections  of  3,000  to  8,000  books  for  500  to  1,000  students. 

(4)  Library  Instruction.  — (a)  Minimum  of  eight  recitation 
periods  per  year,  as  suggested  in  the  Appendix  of  this  manual. 

(5)  Adequate  annual  appropriations  for  salaries  and  main- 
tenance. 

A well-equipped  and  commodious  library  is  essential  also  in 
a junior  high  school. 


25 


IV.  REFERENCE  MATERIAL  AND  BOOKS  OF  VALUE 
TO  SCHOOLS. 


This  section  is  based  on  the  reference  material  generally  found 
in  public  libraries.  Reference  books  have  been  taken  here  in 
the  narrow  sense  (encyclopedias,  dictionaries,  handbooks,  and 
the  like),  in  the  belief  that  general  information  as  to  their  scope 
and  usefulness  would  lead  to  an  acquaintance  with  other  mate- 
rial usually  available  but  seldom  used. 

Only  typical  examples  of  each  class  are  included.  Libraries 
usually  contain  many  good  books  in  each  field  to  supplement 
the  short  concise  accounts  given  in  general  reference  articles. 
Subject  headings  in  the  card  catalog  will  guide  the  reader  to 
books  and  pamphlets  on  any  given  topic.  Always  ask  the 
Librarian  if  you  do  not  find  what  you  want.  It  is  not  fair  to 
go  away  unhelped  and  feel  that  the  library  has  failed.  The 
persons  at  the  desk  are  there  to  serve  any  one  in  need. 

Note.  — For  Directory  of  Publishers  see  page  62. 


1.  General  Reference  Material. 

A.  Dictionaries. 

Century  Dictionary  and  Encyclopedia.  12  v.  Century.  1915.  $75  (old  price). 
V.  XI,  Cyclopedia  of  Names.  (See  page  32.)  V.  XII,  Atlas.  (See  page  31.) 

"The  most  detailed  American  dictionary.”  Best  for  quotations. 

Standard  Dictionary.  Funk.  1913.  $12. 

Longest  list  of  words  of  any  one-volume  dictionary.  All  proper  names  in  the  main  body 
of  the  dictionary. 

Webster’s  New  International  Dictionary.  Merriam.  1910.  $12. 

Reliable,  clear  definitions,  excellent  for  synonyms.  Used  in  all  government  publications 
and  most  law  courts.  Appropriate  for  schoolroom  use. 


B.  Encyclopedias. 

Encyclopedia  Americana.  27  v.  ready  for  delivery;  3 in  preparation.  Encyclo- 
pedia Americana  Corporation.  1918-20.  $6  each. 

Newest  edition  of  an  encyclopedia  now  in  the  market.  Volumes  still  being  issued.  Old 
edition  strong  on  science  material.  Earlier  editions  published  under  title,  The  Americana. 


26 


Encyclopedia  Britannica.  29  v.  Cambridge  University  Press.  1911.  11th 
ed.  $4.50  each  (old  price). 

Long,  scholarly,  signed  articles.  Most  comprehensive  and  authoritative  encyclopedia. 

New  International.  24  v.  Dodd.  1914-16.  2d  ed.  $156. 

Best  in  popular  use.  Concise,  clear,  easy  to  use.  Bibliographies  especially  good.  Material 
kept  up  to  date  by  yearbook. 

World  Book.  10  v.  World  Book  Company.  1918.  $38.50. 

Encyclopedia  for  children.  Good  material,  easily  accessible,  numerous  illustrations. 


C.  Periodical  Indexes. 


Poole’s  Index.  (Abridged,  1815-99.)  Houghton.  1901.  $12. 

Indexes  the  best  known  magazines,  e.g.,  Harpers,  Scribners,  Atlantic,  for  years  of  dates 
given.  Material  under  subject  only.  Is  no  longer  published. 

Readers’  Guide  to  Periodical  Literature.  4 v.  Wilson.  1900-18.  V.  1, 
old  price,  $16;  V.  2,  $24;  V.  3,  $32;  V.  4,  $27. 

Continuation  of  Poole.  Monthly  index  to  current  periodicals  that  are  in  greatest  demand. 
Indexes  bulletins  from  National  Education  Association  and  Bureau  of  Education,  Washington. 
(Seepage  47.)  Current  subscription,  $24.50. 1 Cumulates  quarterly,  annually,  and  every  five 
years.  Material  under  author,  subject,  or  title. 

Readers’  Guide  Supplement.  Wilson.  1907-15.  $89.61. 1 V.  2,  1916-19, 


in  press. 


Bimonthly  index  to  84  magazines  not  elsewhere  indexed,  largely  professional  in  character. 
Cumulates  in  each  issue.  Annual  volume. 

Industrial  Arts  Index.  5 v.,  1913-17,  1 v.,  1918-19.  Wilson.  Annuals,  $19.50 1 
each,  and  current  subscription,  $85.25. 

Monthly  index  to  115  trade,  technical,  and  engineering  periodicals,  society  transactions, 
and  reports.  Cumulates  quarterly,  annually,  and  biennially.  Subject  index  only. 

Agricultural  Index.  1 v.  Wilson.  1916-18.  $42.35. 1 

Monthly  index  to  97  agricultural  periodicals,  American  and  foreign,  also  to  many  bulletins, 
pamphlets,  and  government  reports.  Cumulates  quarterly,  annually,  and  triennially.  Subject 
index  only. 

Annual  Magazine  Subject  Index. 

Since  1909  this  has  included  The  Dramatic  Index. 


Many  libraries  keep  the  sets  of  bound  magazines  indexed  in 


these  indexes  together  in  some  room  or  corner 


convenience  in  reference  work.  They  furnish  much  supplemen- 
tary material. 


D.  Yearbooks. 


American  Year  Book.  Appleton.  $3.50. 

Events  of  the  year  in  all  countries.  United  States  given  the  largest  space  and  fullest  in- 
formation. 

1 Price  given  is  the  rate  charged  to  subscribers  taking  all  (or,  in  the  case  of  the  Readers’  Guide, 
70)  of  the  periodicals  indexed.  Service  basis  rates  are  allowed  on  all  indexes  whereby  each  library 
pays  only  for  the  periodicals  it  receives.  Write  for  rates. 


27 


Now  International  Year  Book.  Dodd.  Illustrated.  $5. 

Encyclopedia  of  each  year.  Invaluable  to  history  classes.  Supplement  to  New  Inter- 
national Encyclopedia. 

Statesman’s  Year  Book.  Macmillan.  $3.50. 

“Most  important  of  the  yearbooks.  Descriptive  and  statistical  material  concerning  all 
the  countries  of  the  world.” 

Who’s  Who  in  America.  Biennial.  Marquis.  $5. 

A dictionary  of  contemporary  biography  of  men  and  women  of  America.  Gives  addresses 
of  persons  included  and  lists  of  their  works. 

Who’s  Who.  Macmillan.  $5  (old  price). 

“Includes  sketches  of  lives  of  English  and  American  persons  of  prominence,  and  some 
Continentals.” 

World  Almanac.  Press  Pub.  Paper,  35  cents;  cloth,  60  cents. 

Statistical,  current,  and  historical  information  in  all  fields  and  for  all  countries  and  times. 
Well  indexed  for  so  large  and  inexpensive  a publication.  Best  single  reference  book  for  indi- 
vidual use.  Useful  for  geography  and  history. 


2.  Reference  Material  for  School  Subjects. 

A.  Art. 

Champlin,  J.  D.  Young  Folks’  Cyclopedia  of  Literature  and  Art.  Holt. 
1901,  $3. 

A volume  of  a children’s  encyclopedia.  Helpful  in  finding  the  story  of  pictures  or  identifying 
characters  in  literature. 

Champlin,  J.  D.,  and  Perkins,  C.  G.  Cyclopedia  of  Painters  and  Painting. 
Scribner.  1892.  $20.  4 v. 

Descriptions  of  pictures,  sketches  of  painters,  and  lists  of  their  works. 

Lubke,  Wilhelm.  Outlines  of  History  of  Art.  Dodd.  1904.  $22.  2 v. 

Reinach,  Salomon.  Apollo;  an  Illustrated  Manual  of  Art  Throughout  the  Ages. 
Scribner.  1907.  $1.50. 

Excellent  single-volume  reference  book.  Shows  illustrations  of  600  art  subjects,  with  artist 
and  location. 

Sturgis,  Russell.  Dictionary  of  Architecture  and  Building,  Biographical,  His- 
torical, and  Descriptive.  Macmillan.  1901.  $18.  3 v. 

“Combines  the  features  of  a dictionary  and  an  encyclopedia.” 

B.  Civics. 

Allen,  Frederick  J.  Business  Employments.  Ginn.  1916.  $1. 

Good  book  on  commercial  occupations. 

American  Year  Book.  Appleton.  $3. 

Beard  and  Beard.  American  citizenship.  Macmillan.  1914.  $1. 

Bogart,  E.  L.  Economic  History  of  the  United  States.  Longmans.  1912.  $1.75. 
Bryce,  James.  American  Commonwealth.  Macmillan.  1910.  $4. 


28 


Burch  and  Patterson.  American  Social  Problems.  Macmillan.  1918.  $1.20. 

Coman,  Katherine.  Industrial  History  of  the  United  States.  Macmillan. 
1910.  $1.60. 

Giles  and  Giles.  Vocational  Civics.  Macmillan.  1919.  $1.30. 

A brief  book  with  an  excellent  point  of  view. 

Gowan  and  Wheatley.  Occupations.  Ginn.  1916.  $1.20. 

Presents  much  material.  Especially  adapted  to  boys. 

Hart,  Joseph  K.  Educational  Resources  of  Village  and  Rural  Communities. 
Macmillan.  1913.  $1. 

Jenks  and  Lauck.  The  Immigration  Problem.  Funk.  1917.  $1.75. 

Laselle  and  Wiley.  Vocations  for  Girls.  Houghton.  1913.  85  cents. 

Condensed  information  on  thirteen  vocations  for  girls. 

Massachusetts,  General  Court.  A Manual  for  the  General  Court. 

Office  of  Secretary  of  State,  Boston.  Published  annually. 

Towne,  E.  T.  Social  Problems.  Macmillan.  $1. 

Tufts,  James  H.  The  Real  Business  of  Living.  Holt.  1918.  $1.50. 

Warner,  Amos  G.  American  Charities.  Crowell.  1908.  $2. 

World  Almanac.  Press  Pub.  35  cents. 

Readings  for  Teacher,  giving  Social  Point  of  View. 

Addams,  J.  Twenty  Years  at  Hull  House.  Macmillan.  $1.50. 

Spirit  of  Youth  and  the  City  Streets.  Macmillan.  $1.25. 

Antin,  Mary.  The  Promised  Land.  Houghton.  $1.75. 

Davis,  J.  B.  Vocational  and  Moral  Guidance.  Ginn.  $1.25. 

Davis,  P.,  and  Others.  The  Field  of  Social  Service.  Small.  $1.50. 

George,  W.  R.  Junior  Republic.  Appleton.  $1.50. 

Howe,  F.  C.  The  City,  the  Hope  of  Democracy.  Scribner.  $1.50. 

Lewis,  W.  D.  Democracy’s  High  School.  Houghton.  60  cents. 

Shaler,  N.  S.  The  Neighbor.  Houghton.  $1.40. 

Steiner,  E.  A.  From  Alien  to  Citizen.  Revell.  $1.50. 

Wald,  Lillian.  The  House  on  Henry  Street.  Holt.  $2. 

C.  English. 

English  Composition  — Oral  and  Written. 

f 

Allen,  F.  S.  English  Synonyms.  Harper.  1920.  $2.50. 

Carefully  discriminated  list  of  synonyms. 

Fernald,  J.  C.  English  Synonyms  and  Antonyms.  Funk.  1914.  $1.50. 

Contains  notes  on  the  correct  use  of  prepositions.  (See  also  Crabb’s  English  synonyms, 
revised.  Harper.) 


29 


Greever,  Garland,  and  Jones,  E.  S.  Century  Handbook  of  Writing.  Century. 
60  cents. 

Phyfe,  W.  H.  P.  Eighteen  Thousand  Words  Often  Mispronounced.  Putnam. 
1918.  $1.50. 

Includes  proper  names  and  foreign  phrases. 

Roget,  P.  M.  Thesaurus  of  English  Words  and  Phrases.  Longmans.  1913.  $1.25. 

Classified  and  arranged  so  as  to  facilitate  the  expression  of  ideas,  and  assist  in  literary  com- 
positions. 

Skeat,  W.  W.  Etymological  Dictionary  of  the  English  Language.  Oxford. 
1910.  $11.75. 

Appendix  gives  lists  of  prefixes,  suffixes,  homonyms,  etc. 

Wooley,  E.  C.  Handbook  of  Composition.  Heath.  80  cents. 

English  Literature — Collections. 

Moulton,  C.  W.  (ed.).  Library  of  Literary  Criticism  of  English  and  American 
Authors.  Malkan.  1901-05.  8 v.  $40. 

Chronological  arrangement  of  authors;  index  to  authors  in  last  volume;  also  index  to 
criticisms  under  the  authors  of  the  criticisms. 

Scudder,  H.  E.  (ed.).  The  Children’s  Book.  Houghton.  1910.  $4. 

Collection  of  folk  tales,  fairy  tales,  myths,  story-telling  poems,  old-fashioned  stories,  Arabian 
Nights,  etc.  A good  book  in  which  to  find  a special  story  or  poem. 

Stevenson,  B.  E.  (ed.).  Home  Book  of  Verse,  American  and  English.  1^80- 
1918.  Holt.  $14. 

Very  complete  collection  of  poems  of  all  times.  Splendid  indexes  make  it  most  valuable 
to  teachers  in  searching  for  special  poems. 

See  also  same  editor’s  volume  “ Home  Book  of  Verse  for  Young  Folks.”  Excellent  variety 
in  useful  classification;  also  has  useful  indexes. 

Tappan,  E.  M.  (ed.).  The  Children’s  Hour.  15  v.  Houghton.  $33.75. 

Collection  of  children’s  literature  of  all  ages,  for  all  ages,  arranged  in  separate  volumes  as, 
Myths  from  Many  Lands;  Stories  and  Poems,  etc.  Well  selected,  very  useful. 

Warner,  C.  D.  (ed.).  Library  of  the  World’s  Best  Literature.  31  v.  Warner 
Lib.  Co.  1896-99.  $93. 

Best  compilation  of  authors  of  all  ages  and  countries.  Arranged  in  alphabetical  order;  in- 
cludes biographical  sketch,  portrait  usually,  and  selections  from  the  best-known  works.  Last 
four  volumes  special  features  of  additional  helpfulness. 

English  Literature  — Handbooks  and  Indexes. 

Bacon,  Corinne.  Children’s  Catalogue.  Wilson.  $6. 

Baker,  E.  A.  Guide  to  the  Best  Fiction  in  English.  Macmillan.  1913.  $6. 

Lists  of  fiction  grouped  by  period,  under  each  country,  with  good  annotations.  Indexes 
very  full. 

Bartlett,  John.  Familiar  Quotations.  Dole.  1914.  $3. 

Dictionary  of  quotations  arranged  by  authors  chronologically.  Fully  indexed.  (See  also 
Hoyt,  below.) 


30 


Brewer,  E.  C.  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable.  Lippincott.  1896.  $1.75. 

“Derivation,  source,  or  origin  of  common  phrases,  allusions,  and  words  that  have  a special 
meaning.” 

Reader’s  Handbook  of  Allusions,  References,  Plots,  and  Stories.  Lippin- 
cott. 1898.  $3.50. 

“One  of  the  best  of  these  handbooks.” 

Eastman,  M.  H.  Index  to  Fairy  Tales,  Myths,  and  Legends.  Boston  Bk.  1915. 
$2.25. 

Indexes  fairy  stories  in  many  collections.  “Stories  for  very  young  readers  are  starred.” 

Firkins,  I.  T.  E.  Index  to  Short  Stories.  Wilson.  1915.  $6. 

Authors  and  titles  are  indexed  in  one  alphabet.  Several  sources  for  the  story  are  frequently 
suggested.  There  are  472  writers  included.  Many  of  the  stories  in  magazines. 

Granger,  Edith.  Index  to  Poetry  and  Recitations.  McClure.  1918.  $7. 

Indexes  by  first  line,  title  and  author.  Selections  from  750  collections.  Almost  indispensable 
to  teachers.  Appendix  has  lists  of  material  suitable  for  holidays. 

Hannigan,  F.  J.  Standard  Index  of  Short  Stories.  1900-14.  Small.  1918. 

$10. 

Large  number  of  magazine  stories  included,  many  from  the  “Saturday  Evening  Post.” 

Hoyt,  J.  K.  Cyclopedia  of  Practical  Quotations.  Funk.  1896.  $6. 

Quotations  arranged  by  subject.  Foreign  quotations,  both  ancient  and  modern,  included. 
Excellent  indexes. 

Salisbury  and  Beckwith.  Index  to  Short  Stories;  an  aid  to  the  teacher  of  chil- 
dren. Row,  Peterson  & Co.  1907.  75  cents. 

Arranged  alphabetically  under  subjects  of  the  stories,  e.g.,  “Honesty,  Kindness,  Polite- 
ness.” 


English  Literature  — Miscellaneous. 

Cambridge  History  of  American  Literature.  Putnam.  1917.  3 v.  $3.50 

each. 

Cambridge  History  of  English  Literature.  Putnam.  1907-18.  14  v.  $2.50 

each. 

Detailed  history  of  entire  subject  from  earliest  times.  Each  chapter  on  a special  period 
and  written  by  a specialist  in  the  period.  Extended  bibliographies. 

Garnett  and  Gosse.  English  Literature;  and  Illustrated  Record.  4 v.  Mac- 
millan. 1903.  $20. 

From  beginnings  of  English  literature  to  Tennyson.  Biographical  and  critical  material 
with  abundant  portraits;  pictures  of  homes  of  authors  and  places  of  interest  in  relation  to  the 
authors  or  their  writings.  Facsimile  manuscripts,  autographs  of  authors.  Some  colored  prints. 
Interesting  to  children  in  junior  or  senior  high  school  literature  classes. 

Harper’s  Dictionary  of  Classical  Literature  and  Antiquities.  H.  T.  Peck. 
Harper.  1897.  $6. 

Useful  for  stories  of  mythology.  (See  also  Bulfinch,  Age  of  Fable,  De  Wolfe  or  Dutton 
or  Lothrop;  Gayley,  Classic  Myths,  Ginn.) 


31 


Modern  Readers’  Bible.  Macmillan.  1915.  $3. 

Text  of  the  English  Revision  of  1888,  in  the  original  literary  form. 

For  Bible  text  in  usual  reference  edition,  see  St.  James  edition  or  American  revision  of 
1900. 

Strong’s  Concordance  of  the  Bible  is  a useful  index  to  facilitate  finding  definite  references, 
by  subject  or  through  a/ny  of  the  words  of  the  text. 

Hastings,  James.  Dictionary  of  the  Bible.  Scribner.  1909.  $5. 

“An  excellent  one-volume  dictionary.”  The  larger  five-volume  work  by  the  same  editor 
will  be  found  in  many  large  libraries. 


D.  Geography. 

Atlases. 

Century  Atlas  of  the  World.  Century.  1914.  $9. 

Is  v.  XII  of  the  Century  Dictionary.  May  be  procured  separately.  Very  satisfactory, 
except  that  maps  are  crowded  because  of  small  scale  used. 

Hammond’s  Business  Atlas  of  Economic  Geography.  1919.  Hammond. 
$1.50. 

Valuable  to  classes  in  commercial  geography. 

Rand,  McNally.  Library  Atlas  of  the  World.  1912.  2 v.  Rand.  $30. 

V.  1,  United  States;  V.  2,  foreign  countries.  “Inaccurate  information,  but  large-scale 
maps  make  it  useful.” 

At  this  time  (1921)  atlases  are  all  out  of  date.  A recent 
atlas  of  value  because  of  its  comparatively  up-to-date  material 
and  its  size  and  price  is  the  Doubleday  Atlas.  Doubleday. 
1917.  $4.50. 

General  Books. 

Finch  and  Baker.  Geography  of  the  World’s  Agriculture.  (United  States  Farm 
Crop  Bureau,  Washington,  D.  C.)  Supt.  of  Doc. 

Particularly  useful. 

Freeman  and  Chandler.  World’s  Commercial  Products.  Ginn.  1907.  $3.50. 

Smith,  J.  R.  Industrial  and  Commercial  Geography.  Holt.  1913.  $4. 

Largely  illustrated.  Maps  and  graphs -add  to  its  value.  Now  out  of  print,  but  new  edition 
promised  soon  (1920). 

Lippincott’s  New  Gazetteer.  Lippincott.  2 v.  1911.  $12.50. 

Pronouncing  geographical  dictionary  giving  countries,  cities,  towns,  rivers,  mountains,  etc., 
with  full  information  concerning  each. 

Statistical  Abstract  of  the  United  States.  Washington,  D.  C.  Annual. 
Supt.  of  Doc. 

Free  from  Congressmen.  Useful  in  history  and  geography. 


See  also  magazine  material  on  geography,  page  37;  also  con- 
sult periodical  indexes,  page  26.  For  yearbooks  of  constant  use 
in  this  field,  see  page  26. 


32 


E.  History. 

Historical  Atlases. 

Shepherd,  W.  R.  Historical  Atlas.  Holt.  1911.  $2.50.  (American  Historical 
Series.) 

“Maps  from  1450  B.C.  to  date.  Planned  for  Schools  and  Colleges.”  (See  also  Fay  and 
Eaton,  Use  of  Books  and  Libraries,  page  60.) 


History. 

Andrews,  Gambrill,  and  Tall.  Bibliography  of  History  for  Schools  and  Libra- 
ries, with  Descriptive  and  Critical  Notes.  Longmans.  1910.  60  cents. 

A new  edition  of  this  most  useful  list  is  in  preparation.  Includes  lists  of  pictures  and  supple- 
mentary material.  (See  also  History  Teachers’  Magazine  for  June,  1913,  for  further  lists.) 

Baker’s  Guide  to  Historical  Fiction.  Macmillan.  1914.  $6. 

Gives  stories,  including  historical  characters  or  times,  with  note  describing  each  book. 
Index  valuable. 

Century  Cyclopedia  of  Names.  Century.  1914.  $10. 

“ Includes  55,000  names  in  every  class.”  Gives  meaning  and  pronunciation.  Most  useful. 
Helpful  in  geography  and  history. 

Channing,  Hart,  and  Turner.  Guide  to  the  Study  and  Reading  of  American 
History.  Ginn.  1912.  $2.50. 

“Classified  bibliography,  with  author,  title,  and  subject  index.  Invaluable  as  a guide  to 
the  best  reading  on  all  aspects  and  periods  of  United  States  history.” 

Harper’s  Encyclopedia  of  United  States  History.  Harper.  1912.  $24.  10  v. 

Popularly  written;  includes  facsimiles  of  original  documents  and  many  illustrations. 

Hart  and  McLaughlin.  Cyclopedia  of  American  Government.  Appleton.  1914. 
$22.50.  3 v. 

Includes  also  foreign  topics.  Includes  many  biographies  and  articles  by  specialists  signed. 
Valuable  in  giving  forms  of  political  organization,  and  methods  and  agencies  of  law  and  gov- 
ernment. 

Haydn,  Joseph.  Dictionary  of  Dates  and  Universal  Information  relating  to  All 
Ages  and  Nations.  Putnam.  1910.  $6.50. 

First  edition,  1841.  “Very  convenient  for  smaller  facts  of  history.” 

Hodge,  F.  W.  Handbook  of  American  Indians  North  of  Mexico.  Washington 
Gov.  Ptg.  2 v.  1907-10.  $3. 

Many  illustrations.  Interesting  customs,  biographies  of  well-known  chiefs,  interpretations 
of  names. 

Larned’s  History  for  Ready  Reference.  Nichols.  1913.  8 v.  $35. 

Dictionary  of  universal  history,  arranged  alphabetically.  Articles  from  historical  au- 
thorities. 

Lippincott’s  Universal  Pronouncing  Dictionary  of  Biography  and  My- 
thology (edited  by  Joseph  Thomas) . Lippincott.  1915.  $10. 

“Comprehensive.  Includes  men  and  women  of  all  nations  and  periods,  including  many 
still  living.”  (See  also  yearbooks,  “Who’s  Who”  and  “Who’s  Who  in  America”  for  contem- 
porary biography.) 


33 


N.  Y.  Times  Current  History.  New  York  Times  Publishing  Company.  1915-19. 
20  v.  $70. 

“The  one  most  generally  useful  reference  tool  for  current  material,  history,  comment, 
newly  issued  documents,  chronology,  illustrations,  cartoons,  etc.”  Mudge,  in  Lib.  Jour.,  Jan. 
1919. 

Ploetz,  K.  J.  Handbook  of  Universal  History  from  the  Dawn  of  Civilization  to 
the  Outbreak  of  the  Great  War  of  1914.  Houghton.  1915.  $3. 

“Concise,  accurate  outlines,  not  tables.  The  most  useful  of  the  outline  handbooks.”  Is 
one  volume  of  “Tappan’s  World  Story.”  (See  below.) 

Tappan,  E.  M.  The  World  Story.  Houghton.  1914.  14  v.  $30. 

Each  volume  a collection  of  stories,  poems,  or  descriptive  material  on  the  country  named 
on  the  volume.  Selection  from  well-known  writers  aims  to  give  consecutive  history  story  of 
the  world.  All  countries  included. 

F.  Holidays. 

Ford  and  Ford.  Every  Day  in  the  Year.  Dodd.  1902.  $2. 

Poetry  selections  for  all  historical  anniversaries. 

Olcott,  F.  J.  Good  Stories  for  Great  Holidays.  Houghton.  1914.  $2  (old 

price) . 

Excellent  collection  for  many  holidays. 

Schauftler,  R.  H.  Our  American  Holidays  Series.  Moffatt.  $1. 

Series  of  separate  volumes,  including  Thanksgiving,  Christmas,  Lincoln’s  Birthday,  and 
other  holidays. 

Smith  and  Hazeltine.  Christmas  in  Legend  and  Story.  Lothrop.  1915.  $1.25. 

Collection  of  desirable  stories  of  recent  date. 

Stevenson,  B.  E.  and  E.  B.  Days  and  Deeds.  1906-07.  Doubleday.  2 v.  $1 
each. 

One  volume  prose,  one  poetry.  Prose  volume  contains  many  brief  selections  from  sayings 
of  famous  men. 

For  origins  of  holiday  customs  see,  also,  Chambers’  Book  of  Days,  Lippincott;  Deems’ 
Holy  Days  and  Holidays;  Walsh’s  Curiosities  of  Popular  Customs,  Lippincott. 

G.  Science:  including  Agriculture  and  Nature  Study. 

Bailey,  L.  H.  (ed.).  Cyclopedia  of  American  Agriculture.  4 v.  Macmillan. 
Illustrated.  1907-09.  $20. 

Standard  Cyclopedia  of  Horticulture.  6 v.  Macmillan.  Illustrated.  1914- 

17.  $36. 

Found  in  many  libraries  because  of  usefulness  to  farmers  and  gardeners. 

Champlin  and  Lucas.  Young  Folks  Cyclopedia  of  Natural  History.  Holt. 
1905.  $3. 

One-volume  encyclopedia  for  boys  and  girls. 

Comstock,  Anna  B.  Handbook  of  Nature  Study.  Comstock.  1911.  $3.25. 

Hopkins,  A.  A.  (ed.).  Scientific  American  Cyclopedia  of  Formulas.  Munn. 
1911.  $5. 

Of  much  interest  to  boys  and  girls  from  the  opportunity  offered  to  experiment  with  re- 
ceipts. 


34 


Spon,  E.  F.  N.  Spon’s  Mechanics’  Own  Book.  Spon.  1907.  $2.50. 

“Complete  guide  to  all  ordinary  mechanical  operations.  Useful  to  amateurs,  professional 
workmen,  and  general  readers.” 

United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  Farmers’  Bulletins.  Particularly 
useful  to  classes  in  agriculture,  home  economics,  or  nature  study.  Illustrated. 
Apply  to  the  department,  Washington,  D.  C.  Free. 

Year  Book.  Many  articles  useful  in  geography,  agriculture,  and  nature 

study.  Annual  statistics  of  agriculture  in  the  United  States.  Many  illustra- 
tions, some  in  color.  Free  to  schools  and  libraries. 

H.  Music. 

Elson,  L.  C.  Book  of  Musical  Knowledge.  Houghton.  1915.  $3.50. 

Grove,  Sir  George.  Dictionary  of  Music  and  Musicians.  5 v.  Macmillan. 
1904-10.  $25. 

Includes  articles  on  musical  history,  theory,  practice,  instruments,  terms.  Biographies 
of  musicians  and  articles  on  individual  compositions. 

Hughes,  Rupert.  Music  Lover’s  Encyclopedia.  Doubleday.  1912.  $1.80. 

Contains  stories  of  operas. 

Victrola  Book  of  Opera.  Victor  Talking  Machine.  1917.  $1. 

Stories  of  110  operas  with  700  illustrations. 

I.  Home  Economics. 

Cassell.  New  Dictionary  of  Cookery,  containing  about  10,000  recipes.  Cassell. 
1912.  $3. 

Ward,  Artemus.  The  Grocer’s  Encyclopedia.  Artemus  Ward,  New  York. 
1911.  $10. 

A compendium  of  useful  information  concerning  foods  of  all  kinds,  how  raised,  prepared, 
and  marketed;  how  to  care  for  them  in  the  home;  how  best  to  use  and  enjoy  them,  and  other 
useful  information  for  grocers  and  general  housekeepers. 

J.  Recreation. 

Bancroft,  J.  H.  Games  for  Playground,  Home,  School,  and  Gymnasium.  Mac- 
millan. $2. 

Useful  all-round  handbook  to  sport,  games,  and  dances. 

Champlin,  J.  D.,  and  Bostwick,  A.  E.  Young  Folks’  Encyclopedia  of  Games 
and  Sports.  Holt.  1890.  $3. 


Indoor  and  outdoor  games  and  sports. 


35 


V.  MAGAZINES  OF  VALUE  TO  SCHOOLS. 


So  many  magazines  invite  attention  to-day  that  a warning 
against  too  much  reading  of  such  material  is  pertinent.  Some 
use  of  magazines,  however,  by  teachers  and  pupils  is  necessary  in 
order  to  understand  current  events  and  to  become  familiar  with 
some  of  the  best  contemporary  literature.  Wise  direction  in 
the  use  of  these  resources  may  help  in  the  formation  of  taste 
and  of  habits  of  discrimination  for  the  better  grade  of  magazine 
literature.  The  following  lists  are  intended  to  suggest  some  of 
the  magazines  that  experience  has  shown  to  be  of  most  value 
to  teachers  and  pupils : — 

1.  Magazines  for  General  Reading. 

The  following  magazines  are  indexed  in  the  Readers’  Guide, 
which  gives  also  the  address  and  subscription  price:  — 

Weekly. 

Literary  Digest.  Funk.  $4. 

Independent.  119  West  40th  Street,  New  York.  $5. 

Outlook.  Outlook  Co.  $5. 

R6sum6  of  recent  events.  Well  illustrated  and  useful  in  high  school  classes. 

New  Republic.  The  Republic  Publishing  Co.,  421  West  21st  Street,  New 
York.  $5. 

Nation.  Nation  Press,  20  Vesey  Street,  New  York.  $5. 

Weekly  Review.  The  National  Weekly  Corporation,  140  Nassau  Street, 
New  York.  $5. 

Stimulating  for  teachers,  giving  current  discussions  of  mooted  questions,  — political, 
economic,  and  social. 

Bimonthly. 

The  Mentor.  Mentor  Association,  114  East  16th  Street,  New  York.  $4. 

States  as  its  purpose,  “learn  one  new  thing  every  day.”  Each  number  devoted  to  one 
subject,  e.g.,  coal  and  coal  workers;  Lafayette,  poets  of  to-day. 

Useful  in  all  school  subjects.  Adapted  to  bulletin  board  work. 

Monthly. 

Atlantic  Monthly.  Atlantic  Monthly  Press,  $5. 

Century.  Century.  $4. 

Harper’s  Monthly  Magazine.  Harper.  $4. 

Scribner’s  Magazine.  Scribner.  $4. 

Stories,  articles  on  art  and  general  literature.  Fine  illustrations.  Valuable  for  reference. 


36 


Review  of  Reviews,  American.  Review  of  Reviews  Co.,  30  Irving  Place,  New 
York.  $4. 

Reviews  international  periodicals,  original  articles,  and  books.  The  chronological  table 
of  important  events  of  the  month  is  useful. 

World’s  Work.  Doubleday.  $4. 

Many  articles  useful  to  classes  in  geography  and  history.  Excellent  illustrations. 


2.  Magazines  for  School  Subjects. 

The  following  magazines  are  chosen  largely  from  those  in- 
dexed in  periodical  indexes  and  they  are  likely  to  be  found  in 
small  libraries.  Files  of  these  magazines  are  useful.  Large  libra- 
ries may  have  also  other  magazines  not  indexed.  See  page  26, 
for  description  of  indexes. 

A.  Art. 

House  Beautiful.  Monthly.  House  Beautiful  Publishing  Co.,  8-9  Arlington 
Street,  Boston,  Mass.  $4. 

Illustrated  articles  on  all  matters  pertaining  to  house  and  grounds. 

International  Studio.  Monthly.  John  Lane  Co.,  116  West  32d  Street,  New 
York.  $6. 

“Foremost  art  magazine  in  the  English  language.  Deals  with  the  progress  of  architecture, 
painting,  sculpture  . . . furniture,  home  decoration  the  world  over.”  Illustrated. 

School  Arts  Magazine.  Monthly,  except  July  and  August.  The  Davis  Press, 
Inc.,  Pubs.,  25  Foster  Street,  Worcester,  Mass.  $2. 

Most  widely  used  of  any  art  magazine  for  school  work.  Suggestions  for  all  grades,  primary 
to  high  school.  Illustrated. 

B.  Civics. 

American  City.  Monthly.  Civic  Press,  154  Nassau  Street,  New  York.  $4. 

City  edition  and  town  and  country  edition.  Some  of  the  material  published  in  both  editions. 
Both  editions  useful  to  schools.  “Review  of  municipal  improvements  and  civic  advance.” 
Illustrated. 

Survey.  Weekly.  Survey  Associates,  112  East  19th  Street,  New  York.  $5. 

“Civic,  social,  and  charitable  progress  in  the  United  States.”  Not  always  suitable  for 
general  school  use,  but  valuable  to  the  teacher  and  often  to  the  class.  Illustrated. 

C.  English. 

English  Journal.  Monthly.  Univ.  of  Chicago  Press.  $2.50. 

Official  organ  of  the  National  Council  of  Teachers  of  English.  Articles  give  accounts  of 
successful  work  in  teaching  oral  and  written  English,  and  the  appreciation  of  literature. 

English  Leaflets.  7 issues.  Charles  Swain  Thomas,  Editor.  New  England  As- 
sociation of  Teachers  of  English.  Milton,  Mass.  $1,  includes  membership 
in  association. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  Speech  Education.  Geo.  Banta  Publishing  Co.,  Menasha, 
Wis.  $2.50. 

Continuation  of  Quarterly  Journal  of  Public  Speaking.  Covers  all  phases  of  public  speaking 
in  both  college  and  secondary  schools. 


37 


D.  Geography. 

Asia.  Journal  of  the  American  Asiatic  Association.  Monthly.  Asia  Publishing 
Co.,  627  Lexington  Avenue,  New  York.  $3.50. 

Bulletin  of  Pan  American  Union.  Monthly.  17th  and  B Streets,  N.  W., 
Washington,  D.  C.  $2.50. 

May  be  procured  in  English,  French,  Spanish,  or  Portuguese.  “Special  articles;  current 
information  on  trade,  commerce,  and  general  educational , industrial,  and  economical  conditions 
of  each  of  the  Latin  American  countries.”  Illustrated.  Almost  indispensable  to  teachers  of 
geography  and  current  history. 

Journal  of  Geography.  Monthly.  American  Geographical  Society,  Broadway 
at  156th  Street,  New  York.  $2. 

Many  lists  of  aids  in  teaching  geography.  Useful  to  any  teachers  and  classes  of  geography 
in  any  grade  of  school. 

National  Geographic  Magazine.  Monthly.  National  Geographic  Society, 
Hubbard  Memorial  Hall,  Washington,  D.  C.  $4. 

Articles  by  prominent  scientists  and  travelers.  Illustrations  may  be  purchased  separately 
in  sets  by  country  or  subject  at  address  given  in  the  Readers’  Guide.  File  of  great  value. 

Travel.  Monthly.  Robert  M.  McBride  Co.,  7 West  16th  Street,  New  York.  $4. 

World  Outlook.  Monthly.  150  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York.  $2.50. 

These  two  magazines  have  much  illustrative  material.  Especially  useful  in  geography. 


E.  History. 

Current  History  Magazine  of  the  New  York  Times.  Monthly.  $4. 

“Covers  monthly  phases  of  the  world’s  chief  events  from  all  standpoints  — economic, 
political,  literary  — without  comment.  Essential  official  documents,  utterances,  diplomatic 
exchanges  ...  of  all  nations  appear  in  each  issue.  220  pp.  each.  Elaborate  illustrations.” 

Historical  Outlook.  Monthly,  except  July,  August,  and  September.  McKinley 
Publishing  Co.,  Philadelphia.  $2. 

Continues  History  Teachers’  Magazine.  “A  journal  for  readers,  students,  and  teachers  of 
history.”  (See  also  magazines  on  general  list.) 


F.  Home  Economics. 

American  Cookery.  Monthly,  except  July  and  September.  Boston  Cooking 
School  Magazine  Co.,  221  Columbus  Avenue,  Boston.  $1.50. 

Formerly  Boston  Cooking  School  Magazine.  “Pays  special  attention  to  cooking;  many 
articles  on  domestic  economy.” 

Good  Housekeeping.  Monthly.  International  Magazine  Co.,  119  West  40th 
Street,  New  York.  $3. 

The  sections  of  this  magazine  devoted  to  home  economics  problems  are  useful  though 
usually  not  technical. 

Journal  of  Home  Economics.  Monthly.  American  Home  Economics  Asso- 
ciation, 1211  Cathedral  Street,  Baltimore,  Md.  $2. 

“For  those  interested  in  home  making,  institution  management,  and  education  for  work 
in  home  economics.” 


38 


G.  Hygiene,  Physical  Education,  and  Outdoor  Life. 

American  Physical  Education  Review.  Monthly.  American  Physical  Edu- 
cation Association,  93  Westford  Avenue,  Springfield,  Mass.  $3.50. 

Reports  meetings  of  societies  like  Physical  Education  Association.  Includes  general  health 
education  articles  occasionally. 

Field  and  Stream.  Monthly.  Field  and  Stream  Publishing  Co.,  34th  Street 
and  8th  Avenue,  New  York.  $2. 

Outing.  Monthly.  Outing  Publishing  Co.  $4. 

These  two  magazines  deal  with  sport,  and  are  exceedingly  attractive  to  boys.  Both  illus- 
trated. 

Playground.  Monthly.  Playground  and  Recreation  Association  of  America, 
1 Madison  Avenue,  New  York.  $2. 

Especially  valuable  to  playground  workers  and  school  officials  who  have  responsibilities 
for  these  activities.  Illustrated. 

Transactions  of  International  Congress  on  School  Hygiene.  Sec.  T.  A. 
Storey,  College  of  City  of  New  York.  6 v.  Courier  Company.  Buffalo. 

Issued  after  each  congress,  which  before  the  war  was  held  every  four  years.  1913  last  issue. 
Most  comprehensive  material  on  hygiene  available.  Includes  mental  hygiene,  sanitation, 
school  medical  care,  etc. 

H.  Industrial  Arts. 

Industrial  Arts  Magazine.  Monthly.  Bruce  Publishing  Co.,  354  Milwaukee 
Street,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  $2. 

“Aims  to  present  courses,  methods,  projects,  which  supervisors  and  teachers  can  directly 
use  and  adapt.  Minimizes  theoretical  speculation.  Emphasizes  art  instruction,  color,  and 
good  drawing.”  Particularly  adapted  to  elementary  schools. 

Manual  Training  Magazine.  Monthly.  The  Manual  Arts  Press,  237  North 
Munroe  Street,  Peoria,  111.  $1.50. 

Adapted  to  high  schools  especially.  (See  also  magazines  under  Art.) 

I.  Languages. 

Classical  Journal.  Monthly.  Univ.  of  Chicago  Press.  $2.50. 

Published  by  the  Classical  Associations  of  the  United  States.  Articles  on  the  place  of  the 
classics  in  modern  education,  and  on  method  and  material  for  their  study  and  teaching. 

Modern  Language  Journal.  Chicago.  $1.50. 

Published  by  National  Federation  of  Modern  Language  Teachers.  Discusses  methods  of 
teaching  French,  German,  and  Spanish. 


J.  Music. 

Musical  America.  Weekly.  Musical  America  Publishing  Co.,  501  Fifth  Avenue, 
New  York.  $3. 

Musician.  Monthly.  The  Henderson  Publications,  Inc.,  2720  Grand  Central 
Terminal,  New  York.  $3. 

Educational  musical  monthly.  Articles  cover  every  phase  of  musical  work  in  performance 
and  composition.  Illustrated. 

School  Music.  Bimonthly,  except  July  and  August.  Keokuk,  Iowa.  50  cents. 
"Material  timely  and  valuable  to  school  supervisor.” 


39 


K.  Science,  including  Agriculture  and  Nature  Study. 

Bird  Lore.  Bimonthly.  Appleton.  SI. 50. 

“Organ  of  the  Audubon  societies.  Devoted  to  the  study  and  protection  of  birds.”  Illus- 
trated. 

Garden  Magazine.  Monthly.  Doubleday.  $3. 

A magazine  for  amateurs  which  aims  to  interest  people  in  gardening.  Illustrated. 

General  Science  Quarterly.  Salem,  Mass.  $1.50. 

Issued  November,  January,  March,  and  May. 

Devoted  exclusively  to  science  in  elementary  and  secondary  schools.  List  of  science  articles 
in  current  magazines  and  full  list  of  the  magazines  of  interest  to  science  teachers  a valuable 
feature. 

Nature-Study  Review.  Monthly.  Comstock.  $1.50. 

Suggestions  for  nature-study  lessons  in  grades.  Illustrated. 

Popular  Mechanics.  Monthly.  6 North  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago.  $3. 

Beginning  January,  1920,  indexed  in  Industrial  Arts  Index.  (See  page  26.) 

Descriptions  of  new  mechanical  devices.  Very  popular  with  boys.  Illustrated. 

Popular  Science  Monthly.  Modern  Publishing  Co.,  225  West  39th  Street,  New 
York.  $3. 

“Practical  plans  for  carpentry,  home,  handicraft,  wireless,  and  photography.”  Illustrated. 
Not  in  any  way  connected  with  the  old  magazine  of  the  same  name,  which  is  now  published 
under  the  name  of  “Scientific  Monthly.” 

School  Science  and  Mathematics.  Monthly,  October  to  June.  Smith  & 
Turton,  Pubs.,  2059  East  72d  Place,  Chicago.  $2.50. 

Material  on  the  teaching  of  these  subjects  in  secondary  schools  or  colleges. 

Scientific  American.  Weekly.  Munn.  $6. 

“Purpose  of  this  journal  is  to  record  simply,  accurately,  and  interestingly  the  progress  in 
science,  inventions,  discoveries,  engineering,  and  industrial  and  commercial  achievement.” 
Very  popular  with  all  boys  above  the  fifth  grade. 


3.  Children's  Magazines. 

American  Boy.  Monthly.  Sprague  Publishing  Co.,  American  Bldg.,  Detroit, 
Mich.  $2.50. 

Stories,  special  departments  for  science,  sports,  craftsmanship,  and  photography.  Illus- 
trated. 

Boy’s  Life.  Boy  Scout  Magazine.  Monthly.  Boy  Scouts  of  America,  Pubs., 
200  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City.  $2. 

Little  Folks.  Monthly.  S.  E.  Cassino  Co.,  Pubs.,  Salem,  Mass.  $1. 

Stories,  pictures,  and  games  for  children  from  three  to  twelve. 

Open  Road.  Monthly.  The  Torbell  Co.,  248  Boylston  Street,  Boston.  $3. 

A magazine  for  older  boys.  Begun,  1919.  First  numbers  have  been  excellent. 

St.  Nicholas.  Monthly.  Century.  $4. 

Founded  in  1873.  Carries  departments  of  history,  biography,  travel,  and  nature-study. 
Contains  stories  and  puzzles.  Runs  many  contests  for  readers.  Many  well-known  books  for 
children  first  appeared  here  as  serials,  e.g.,  The  Brownies,  by  Palmer  Cox;  several  of  Mrs. 


40 


Burnett’s  stories,  Little  Lord  Fauntleroy,  etc.;  The  Peterkin  Papers,  by  Lucretia  Hale;  Under- 
stood Betsy,  by  Mrs.  Fisher;  and  stories  by  Seaman  and  Barbour.  File  of  bound  volumes 
valuable  and  much  used.  V.  1-45  indexed  in  a single  volume,  published  by  H.  W.  Wilson, 
1920.  Only  children’s  magazine  indexed  in  periodical  index. 

Wohelo  Magazine.  Camp  Fire  Girl’s  Magazine.  Monthly.  Camp  Fire  Girls, 
Inc.,  Pubs.,  31  East  17th  Street,  New  York.  $1. 

Youth’s  Companion.  Weekly.  Boston,  Mass.  $2.50. 

Founded  in  1827.  World  news,  stories,  and  special  departments  for  boys  and  girls.  (See 
also  “Field  and  Stream,”  page  38;  “Outing,”  page  38;  “Popular  Mechanics,”  page  39.) 


f 


VI.  MAGAZINES  AND  RECENT  BOOKS  ON  EDUCA- 
TION. 


1.  Magazines  and  Periodicals. 

Education.  Monthly.  The  Palmer  Co.,  120  Boylston  Street,  Boston.  $4. 
Articles  on  all  phases  of  education,  especially  secondary. 

Educational  Administration  and  Supervision.  Monthly,  except  July  and 
August.  Warwick,  Baltimore,  Md.  $2.50. 

Articles  by  experts  in  educational  administration.  Professional  literature. 

Educational  Review.  Monthly,  except  July  and  August.  Doran.  $3. 

One  of  the  standard  educational  periodicals.  Inclined  to  be  heavy;  occasional  articles  of 
general  interest. 

Elementary  School  Journal.  Monthly,  except  July  and  August.  Univ.  of 
Chicago  Press.  $2.50. 

Published  by  the  faculty  of  the  Chicago  University  School  of  Education.  Continues  Ele- 
mentary School  Teacher. 

With  School  Review  (see  page  42)  issues  monographs  on  timely  educational  subjects. 
Monographs'  must  be  purchased  separately. 

The  Journal  of  Education.  Weekly.  6 Beacon  Street,  Boston.  $3. 

Weekly  journal  which  deals  with  the  general  field  of  school  administration. 

Journal  of  Educational  Psychology.  Monthly,  except  July  and  August. 
Warwick.  $3. 

Presents  articles  on  standard  tests  and  measurements  in  school  subjects,  and  other  recent 
advances  in  experimental  psychology. 

Journal  of  Educational  Research.  Monthly,  except  July  and  August.  $3. 

Departments  of  Child  Accounting;  Curriculum  Analysis;  School  Supervision;  Educational 
Tests  and  Measurements;  Educational  Finance;  Buildings  and  Building  Programs;  Records 
and  Reports  of  National  Association  of  Educational  Research. 

Kindergarten  and  First  Grade.  Monthly,  except  July  and  August.  Milton 
Bradley  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass.  $2. 

Continues  Kindergarten  Review.  Suggestions  and  current  activities  relating  to  first  three 
grades  of  school. 

Kindergarten  Primary  Magazine.  Monthly,  except  July  and  August. 
Manistee,  Mich.  $1. 

Continues  Kindergarten  Magazine.  Useful  to  teachers  of  early  grades. 

School  and  Society.  Weekly.  Science  Press.  Garrison,  N.  Y.  $5. 

Weekly  journal  which  endeavors  to  meet  present  efforts  to  make  closer  connection  between 
education  and  social  motives.  Should  be  in  every  public  library  for  general1  inf ormation  to  all 
readers. 


42 


School  Review.  Monthly,  except  July  and  August.  Univ.  of  Chicago  Press. 

$2.50. 

Published  by  the  faculty  of  the  Chicago  University  School  of  Education.  Devoted  to 
secondary  education.  Value  to  teachers  in  junior  and  senior  high  schools. 

With  Elementary  School  Journal  (see  page  41)  issues  monographs  on  timely  educational 
subjects;  e.g.,  Gray,  C.  T.  Types  of  reading  ability  as  exhibited  through  tests  and  laboratory 
experiments.  Chicago.  1919.  $1.40  postpaid. 


Teachers’  College  Record.  Bimonthly,  except  July.  525  West  120th  Street, 
New  York.  $1.50. 


Published  by  Teachers’  College,  Columbia  University.  “A  journal  devoted  to  the  practical 
problems  of  elementary  and  secondary  education  and  of  the  professional  training  of  teachers.” 

United  States  Bureau  of  Education  Bulletins. 


Contain  much  of  value  to  schools.  Monographs  and  reports  on  educational  topics  from 
^ all  parts  of  the  world.  Frequently  illustrated  by  pictures,  graphs,  and  charts.  Issued  about 
one  a week,  sometimes  more  frequently.  May  be  purchased  separately  from  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Documents,  Washington,  D.  C.  Will  be  sent  regularly  to  libraries  and  schools  on 
request. 

Order  by  name  and  year  and  number  of  bulletin,  e.g..  United  States  Bureau  Educ.  Bull., 
1917,  No.  2,  “Reorganization  of  English  in  Secondary  Schools.” 

Year  Books  of  the  National  Society  for  the  Study  of  Education.  Usually 
written  N.  S.  S.  E.  Public  School. 


Two  or  three  issued  each  year.  Known  by  number,  e.g.,  Eighteenth  Yearbook,  Part  I. 
Contain  useful  material  on  special  methods  for  special  subjects,  school  administration,  and 
teacher  training.  Each  number  devoted  to  one  subject. 


2.  Recent  Books  on  Education. 

Among  an  ever-increasing  number  of  books  on  education  it 
is  difficult  to  select  those  that  are  most  useful.  Nothing  older 
than  seven  years  has  been  included. 

A.  General. 

Bagley,  W.  C.  School  Discipline.  Macmillan.  1914.  $1.50. 

Presents  various  steps  necessary  to  establish  that  school  “spirit”  which  will  reduce  the 
problem  of  discipline  to  the  minimum. 

Bennett,  H.  E.  School  Efficiency.  Ginn.  1917.  $1.25. 

Care  of  buildings,  grounds,  and  equipment;  school  management  related  to  marks,  reports, 
programs,  discipline,  etc.  An  all-round  guide  for  practical  teaching  problems. 

Branom,  M.  E.  Project  Method.  Badger.  1919.  $1.75. 

Cubberley,  E.  P.  Public  Education  in  the  United  States.  Houghton.  1919. 
$1.75. 

A history  of  education  in  the  United  States  used  as  a basis  for  the  interpretation  of  modern 
educational  theory  and  practice.  The  social  motive,  project  method,  educational  measure- 
ments, Gary  plan,  all  have  their  share  in  this  interpretative  treatment.  Contains  an  annotated 
and  evaluated  bibliography  with  each  chapter. 

Public  School  Administration.  Houghton.  1916.  $1.75. 

States  the  fundamental  principles  underlying  the  proper  organization  and  administration 
of  public  education  in  the  United  States.  Discusses  briefly  the  historical  evolution  of  the 
principal  administrative  offices  and  problems,  and  points  out  what  seems  to  be  most  probable 
lines  of  future  development. 


43 


Curtis,  H.  S.  Education  through  Play.  Macmillan.  1915.  $1.50. 

Treats  of  the  function  of  play  in  education,  and  contains  much  illustrative  material  of 
value. 

Dewey,  John.  Democracy  and  Education.  Macmillan.  1920.  $2. 

“An  endeavor  to  detect  and  state  the  ideas  implied  in  a democratic  society  and  to  apply 
these  ideas  to  the  problems  of  the  enterprise  of  education.” 

Foght,  H.  W.  The  Rural  Teacher  and  His  Work.  Macmillan.  1917.  $1.40. 

Emphasizes  the  close  contact  the  teacher  should  make  with  the  community  life,  deals 
with  the  problems  of  school  organization  and  management,  and  treats  of  the  content  of  the 
course  of  study  and  methods  of  instruction. 

Hall-Quest,  A.  L.  Supervised  Study.  Macmillan.  1916.  $1.25. 

Emphasizes  the  distinction  between  hearing  lessons  and  teaching. 

Munroe,  W.  S.,  DeVoss,  J.  C.,  and  Kelly,  F.  J.  Educational  Tests  and 
Measurements.  Houghton.  1917.  $1.50. 

A clear  and  relatively  simple  statement  of  the  purposes,  methods,  and  general  principles 
of  tests  as  measuring  results  of  teaching. 

Riverside  Educational  Monographs.  Henry  Suzzallo  (ed.).  Houghton.  40 
and  75  cents. 

Issued  frequently.  Libraries  would  do  well  to  have  the  volumes  as  they  appear.  A com- 
plete list  shpuld  be  secured  from  the  publishers. 

Starch,  Daniel.  Educational  Psychology.  Macmillan.  1919.  $2.50. 

“The  new  type  of  psychology  based  on  measurement.” 

Strayer,  G.  D.,  and  Norsworthy,  Naomi.  How  to  Teach.  Macmillan.  1917. 
$1.50. 

Some  topics  included  are  educational  psychology,  general  method,  and  tests  and  measure- 
ments. Applies  educational  psychology  to  practical  use. 

Terman,  L.  M.  The  Hygiene  of  the  School  Child.  Houghton.  1914.  $1.65. 

Shows  cause  and  effect  in  the  health  of  school  children,  the  bearing  of  health  on  mental 
progress,  and  the  responsibility  of  the  teacher. 

Intelligence  of  School  Children.  Houghton.  1919.  $1.75. 

Treats  of  the  educational  significance  of  intelligence,  the  great  differences  in  the  intelligence 
of  school  children,  and  what  may  be  expected  from,  and  what  ought  to  be  done  for,  pupils  of 
different  degrees  of  intellectual  capacity. 

Whipple,  G.  M.  How  to  study  Effectively.  Public  School.  1916.  50  cents. 

B.  Elementary. 

Bobbitt,  Franklin.  The  Curriculum.  Houghton.  1918.  $1.50. 

Written  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  present  social  aims  in  education.  Gives  principles 
of  curriculum  making,  and  some  values  to  be  gained  by  their  application. 

Freeland,  G.  E.  Modern  Elementary  School  Practice.  Macmillan.  1919. 
$1.50. 

Discusses  motivation,  project  method,  socialized  recitation,  and  other  present  theories  of 
education  which  have  “already  had  successful  application  and  thorough  trial.” 


Freeman,  F.  N.  How  Children  Learn.  Houghton.  1918.  $1.60. 


44 


Kendall,  C.  N.,  and  Myrick,  G.  A.  How  to  teach  the  Fundamental  Subjects. 
Houghton.  1915.  $1.25. 

Discusses  the  content  of  the  elementary  school  subjects  and  methods  of  instruction. 

Lincoln,  L.  I.  Everyday  Pedagogy.  Ginn.  1915.  $1. 

A thorough  study  of  schoolroom  needs  and  of  carefully  tested  theory.  Special  application 
to  rural  school  conditions. 

Norsworthy,  Naomi,  and  Whitley,  M.  T.  Psychology  of  Childhood.  Mac- 
millan. 1918.  $1.60. 

Gives  recent  developments  in  study  of  the  child  mind  and  their  bearings  on  educational 
processes. 

Rapeer,  L.  W.  Teaching  Elementary  School  Subjects.  Scribner.  1917.  $2. 

Especially  useful  bibliography  on  each  subject  of  the  curriculum. 

C.  Secondary. 

Briggs,  Thomas  H.  The  Junior  High  School.  Houghton.  1920.  $1.12. 

Critical  analysis  of  the  junior  high  school  movement,  and  of  the  organization,  aims,  special 
functions,  administration  of  junior  high  schools,  costs,  and  results. 

Colvin,  S.  G.  An  Introduction  to  High  School  Teaching.  Macmillan.  1917. 

$1. 

Material  on  lesson  plans,  questioning  drill,  discipline,  and  supervised  study. 

Davis,  Jesse  B.  Vocational  and  Moral  Guidance.  Ginn.  1914.  $1.25. 

Gives  definite  suggestions  as  to  this  form  of  educational  responsibility  gained  as  a result 
of  the  author’s  own  successful  work  in  Central  High  School  of  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.  Bibliog- 
raphy of  other  books  on  the  subject  at  end  of  each  chapter,  and  chapters  on  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
Civic  Organizations,  and  Library  in  Vocational  Guidance,  written  by  some  one  from  each  of  the 
organizations  mentioned. 

Foster,  H.  H.  Principles  of  Teaching  in  Secondary  Education.  Scribner.  19  21. 
$1.75. 

Inglis,  Alexander.  Principles  of  Secondary  Education.  Houghton.  1918.  $2.75. 

Thorough,  scientific  treatment.  Considers  the  nature  of  the  pupil  to  be  educated,  social 
needs,  development  of  secondary  schools,  aims  and  functions  of  secondary  education,  and 
the  place  of  the  various  studies. 

Johnston,  Charles  Hughes,  and  others.  High  School  Education.  Scribner. 
1912.  $1.88. 

Modern  High  School.  Scribner.  1916.  $1.88. 

Koos,  Leonard  V.  The  Junior  High  School.  Harcourt,  Brace  & Howe.  New 
York.  1920.  $1.36. 

Concise  treatment  of  distinctive  functions,  organization,  and  administration  of  junior 
high  school. 

McGregor,  A.  Laura.  Supervised  Study  in  English.  Macmillan.  1921.  $1.60. 

Specific  treatment  of  supervised  study  in  junior  high  school  classes  in  English. 

National  Education  Association.  Reports  of  the  Commission  on  the  Re- 
organization of  Secondary  Education.  Superintendent  of  Documents.  The 
following  reports  of  this  Commission  are  of  special  value  to  teachers  in  junior 
and  senior  high  schools.  The  first  three  reports  are  of  value  to  every  teacher. 
The  others  deal  with  particular  subjects.  Remittance  should  be  by  money 
order. 


45 


Education  Bulletin. 


Prices  per  Copy  (Cents). 

Less  50  or 
than  50.  More. 


1918,  No.  35,  Cardinal  Principles  of  Secondary  Education,  . . 5 

1917,  No.  51,  Moral  Values  in  Secondary  Education,  ...  5 

1918,  No.  19,  Vocational  Guidance  in  Secondary  Education,  . . 5 

1915,  No.  23,  The  Teaching  of  Community  Civics,  . . . .10 

1916,  No.  28,  The  Social  Studies  in  Secondary  Education,  . . 10 

1917,  No.  2,  Reorganization  of  English  in  Secondary  Schools,  . 20 

1917,  No.  49,  Music  in  Secondary  Schools,  .....  5 

1917,  No.  50,  Physical  Education  in  Secondary  Schools,  ...  5 

1919,  No.  55,  Business  Education  in  Secondary  Schools,  ...  10 

1920,  No.  1,  The  Problem  of  Mathematics  in  Secondary  Educa- 

tion, . . . . . . . .5 

1920,  No.  26,  Reorganization  of  Science  in  Secondary  Schools,  . 10 

1920,  No.  35,  Agriculture  in  Secondary  Schools,  ....  5 


3 

4 

3 

5 
5 

15 

4 
3 

5 

3 

3 

3 


Parker,  Samuel  C.  Methods  of  Teaching  in  High  Schools.  Ginn.  1915.  $1.50. 

Analysis  of  the  learning  process,  with  practical  applications  to  high  school  teaching. 
Snedden,  David.  Problems  of  Secondary  Education.  Houghton.  1917.  $1.50. 


46 


VII.  BOOK  SELECTION  AND  BOOK  BUYING. 


1.  Library  Lists. 

Library  lists  are  issued  by  State  departments  of  education 
and  by  State  library  commissions,  for  example:  — 

Minnesota,  Department  of  Education,  1918-19.  St.  Paul.  Free. 

Library  Books  for  Elementary  and  Rural  Schools. 

Oregon  State  Library,  1906.  Salem,  Ore.  25  cents. 

Books  for  Elementary  Schools,  Part  I. 

Books  for  High  Schools.  Part  II. 

Libraries  and  State  Departments  issuing  Valuable  Lists  from  Time  to 

Time. 

Boston  Public  Library,  Boston,  Mass. 

Brookline  Public  Library,  Brookline,  Mass. 

Buffalo  Public  Library,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Cleveland  Public  Library,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

New  York  City  Public  Library,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. 

New  York  State  Department  of  School  Libraries,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Newark  Public  Library,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Pittsburgh  Carnegie  Library,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Springfield  Public  Library,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission,  Madison,  Wis. 

Worcester  Public  Library,  Worcester,  Mass. 


A request  to  these  libraries,  enclosing  stamp  for  reply,  will 
bring  information  and  often  lists  themselves. 

2.  Sources  of  Information  on  New  Books. 

The  Booklist.  A.  L.  A.  $1.50.  Monthly,  except  August  and  September. 

A list  of  new  books  with  notes  of  evaluation  and  summary.  On  alternate  months  it  gives 
lists  of  new  editions  and  of  United  States  government  documents  of  value  to  libraries.  De- 
partment for  children’s  books.  Arranged  in  groups  by  the  Dewey  Classification.  (For  educa- 
tion, see  370.)  Index  by  author  in  each  number.  Annual  index  to  entire  year  by  author  and 
title.  Sent  to  small  libraries  by  the  Division  of  Public  Libraries  of  the  State  Department 
of  Education. 

The  Book  Review  Digest.  Wilson.  $10  subscription.  $5  annual  volume  with- 
out subscription.  Monthly. 

Lists  selected  books  of  the  month  with  reviews  from  leading  reviewing  sources.  Indexed 
and  quoted  from.  Plus  and  minus  signs  show  favorable  or  unfavorable  comment.  A classified 
index  to  the  material  helps  readers  to  find  books  on  given  subjects.  Under  “Books  for  boys 
and  girls”  are  listed  a few  new  children’s  books  of  the  month.  Paragraph  of  summary  pre- 
cedes the  reviews.  Found  in  all  large  and  in  many  small  libraries. 


47 


Publisher’s  Weekly.  Bowker.  $5. 

Weekly  news  of  the  American  book  trade.  Midsummer  number  lists  all  educational  books 
in  print,  by  author.  Particularly  useful  for  textbooks.  Illustrated.  Found  in  many  libraries. 

Note.  — The  following  periodicals  have  excellent  reviews  on  current  books: 
Atlantic  Monthly,  reviews  by  leading  libraries  of  the  country;  Bookman,  section 
on  children’s  books  edited  by  Miss  Annie  Carroll  Moore,  Supervisor  of  Children’s 
Work  in  the  New  York  Public  Library;  Dial;  Literary  Digest;  Outlook;  School 
and  Society;  School  Review,  reviews  of  books  on  education;  Boston  Transcript; 
New  York  Times;  Springfield  Republican. 


3.  Government  Publications. 

By  consulting  the  Monthly  Catalog  issued  by  the  Superintend- 
ent of  Documents  choice  can  be  made  of  desirable  pamphlets. 
The  following  government  reference  books  are  of  special  value : — 

The  Monthly  Catalog,  United  States  Public  Documents. 

The  Federal  Executive  Departments  as  Sources  of  Information  for  Libraries. 

A bulletin  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Education. 

The  Educational  Directory  of  the  Bureau  of  Education. 

The  Price  Lists,  44  in  number,  issued  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents. 

These  pamphlets  and  books  can  be  obtained  from  the  Super- 
intendent of  Documents,  Washington,  D.  C. 

A list  of  government  publications  of  value  to  teachers  is  given 
in  Fay  and  Eaton,  Use  of  Books  and  Libraries.  1919.  pp. 
84-99. 

4.  Sources  of  Information  on  Publishers  and  Prices 
of  All  Books  in  print  in  the  United  States. 

United  States  Catalog.  1912.  $36. 

United  States  Catalog  Supplement,  1912-17.  $48. 

Cumulative  Book  Index  (Current).  $24. 

Bound  annually  to  supplement  United  States  Catalog.  A monthly  record  of  books 
published  in  the  United  States.  Cumulates  in  December  and  June.  Year  runs  from  June  to 
June.  Records  many  pamphlets. 

The  above  series  is  published  by  H.  W.  Wilson  Company, 
and  is  found  complete  in  large  libraries.  All  entries  are  by 
author,  title,  and  subject,  and  all  editions  of  a work  are  included 
with  prices  of  each.  The  expense  of  this  series  is  prohibitive  to 
many  libraries.  If  school  departments  and  town  libraries  could 
unite  in  the  purchase  of  this  most  useful  tool,  one  set  could 
serve  a community  to  very  great  advantage  in  the  ordering  of 
new  books  by  any  given  author  or  on  any  given  subject. 


48 


Publishers’  Trade  List  Annual.  Bowker.  $2.50. 

This  volume  gives  all  the  publishers’  annual  announcements  in  alphabetical  arrangement. 
Use  this  to  find  any  publication  when  the  publisher  is  known.  Use  also  to  find  what  a given 
publisher  issues  and  price  of  same.  Much  less  expensive  than  the  United  States  Catalog 
series,  but  more  limited  in  usefulness. 


5.  Sources  of  Information  on  Children’s  Books. 

Books  for  Boys  and  Girls.  C.  M.  Hewins,  Compiler.  A.  L.  A.  1915.  20  cents. 

One  of  the  best  lists  available.  Selected,  annotated,  classified  under  subjects,  e.g.,  “Out- 
of-doors  books,”  “Stories  of  home,  school,  country,  and  city  life.” 

Books  for  Boys  and  Girls.  A Suggestive  Purchase  List.  B.  E.  Mahony, 
Director,  Bookshop  for  Boys  and  Girls,  254  Boylston  Street,  Boston.  1919. 
35  cents. 

An  artistic  list  prepared  by  the  Director  of  the  Bookshop  each  year.  Useful  in  its  classi- 
fication by  ages  and  subjects,  and  for  its  inclusion  of  new  titles  and  new  editions. 

Children’s  Catalog  of  3,500.  Corinne  Bacon  (ed.),  Wilson.  1916. 

3,500  titles  of  children’s  books  selected  from  many  standard  lists.  Notes  give  description 
of  book.  Grade  to  which  suited  shown  by  figures,  e.g.,  (6-8).  Useful  for  information  as  to  a 
given  book,  editions  of  any  book,  or  books  selected  from  any  given  author  or  on  any  given 
subject.  Helpful  in  starting  a new  library. 

Children’s  Catalog  Supplement,  1916-19.  Wilson.  1920. 

Continuation  of  the  Children’s  Catalog,  bringing  it  up  to  date. 

Pittsburgh,  Carnegie  Library. 

Catalog  of  books,  annotated  and  arranged,  and  provided  by  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pitts- 
burgh for  use  of  the  first  eight  grades  in  the  Pittsburgh  schools.  Carnegie  Library.  1907. 
50  cents  postpaid. 

Wilson,  Martha.  Library  Books  for  High  Schools.  United  States  Bureau 
of  Education.  Bulletin,  1917,  No.  41.  Superintendent  of  Documents. 
15  cents. 

An  annotated  list  of  books  and  magazines  suitable  for  all  high  school  subjects. 


6.  Books  giving  Principles  of  Choice  with  Recom- 
mended Lists. 

Bryant,  S.  C.  How  to  Tell  Stories  to  Children.  1905.  Houghton.  $1.35. 

Colby,  Rose.  Literature  and  Life  in  School.  1906.  Houghton.  $1.35. 

Fay  and  Eaton.  Use  of  Books  and  Libraries.  1919.  Boston  Bk.  $2.75. 

Harron,  J.  C.,  and  Others.  Course  of  study  for  normal  school  pupils  on  literature 
for  children.  1912.  Wilson.  Out  of  print,  except  in  bound  volumes  of 
Modern  American  Library  Economic  Series.  Elm  Tree  Press. 

Hunt,  C.  W.  What  shall  we  read  to  the  children?  1915.  Houghton.  $1.35. 

Lowe,  Orton.  Literature  for  children.  1914.  Macmillan.  $1. 


49 


Olcott,  F.  J.  The  children’s  reading.  1912.  Houghton.  $1.50. 

This  book  contains  the  following  lists  of  special  value:  — 

Stories  to  tell  or  read  aloud. 

Lists  for  holidays. 

Lists  on  special  subjects,  e.g.,  adventure. 

Lists  of  plays  for  children. 

Lists  of  “stepping-stones”  (books  to  lead  to  better  books). 


7.  Form  recommended  for  requesting  Purchase  of 

Books. 

When  requesting  new  material  from  the  library  or  school  de- 
partment, teachers  should  use  a form  such  as  the  following:  — 

The  following  books  will  in  my  opinion  be  worth  purchasing  for  the  use  of  the 
schools : — 

Palmer,  G.  H.  The  Ideal  Teacher.  Houghton.  40  cents.  (Riverside  Edu- 
cational Monographs.) 

Wilson,  Martha.  School  Library  Management.  Wilson.  60  cents. 

Date.  Signed. 

Address. 


50 


VIII.  CATALOGS,  CLASSIFICATION  SYSTEMS,  AND 
VERTICAL  FILES. 


1.  Library  Catalogs. 

Purpose  of  the  Catalog.  — To  indicate  in  a systematic, 
convenient  manner  the  printed  material  available  in  the  library. 

Method  of  Accomplishment.  — Formerly  accomplished  by 
printed  book  catalogs,  supplemented  by  endless  lists  of  addi- 
tions. This  method  was  abandoned  because  never  up  to  date, 
awkward  to  consult,  and  wholly  inefficient.  At  present  most 
generally  effected  by  card  catalogs. 

The  chief  difference  between  the  book  catalog  and  the  card 
catalog  is  that  in  the  book  catalog  the  data  about  various 
books,  one  entry  after  another,  are  printed  on  a page  or  sheet, 
while  in  the  card  catalog  each  card  contains  data  regarding  only 
one  book  or  article.  Each  card  indicates  the  author,  title, 
place,  and  date  of  publication  of  the  book  it  represents,  and  the 
symbol  designating  its  location  on  the  shelves. 

To  facilitate  the  filing  of  cards  the  top  line  is  reserved  for  the 
distinctive  item  for  which  the  card  stands. 

On  each  card  is  given  the  “call  number ” or  “book  number,” 
the  symbol  by  which  the  book  is  found  on  the  shelf.  This  is 
usually  placed  in  the  upper  left-hand  corner  of  the  card. 

Information  indicating  Resources. — Author  cards  answer 
the  question,  “What  books  by  a certain  person  are  in  the 
library?” 

Title  cards  answer  the  question,  “Is  a certain  book  to  be 
had?” 

Subject  cards  answer  the  question,  “What  books  about  a 
given  subject  are  available?” 

Editor,  compiler,  and  translator  cards  indicate  books  best 
known  by  the  editor,  compiler,  or  translator. 

Material  appearing  in  collections,  or  in  a part  of  a book,  or 
even  in  a chapter,  is  indexed  by  author,  title,  or  subject  analytic 


51 


card,  i.e.,  card  showing  that  the  entire  book  or  set  of  books  has 
been  analyzed,  and  giving  the  locations  of  the  different  parts. 

Reference  cards  refer  the  reader  from  one  part  of  the  catalog 
to  another : — 

(а)  For  additional  material  on  a similar  or  related  subject. 

(б)  From  an  uncommon  form  to  the  familiar. 

(c)  From  a pseudonym  to  the  real  name. 

Arrangement.  — The  cases  or  drawers  of  the  catalog  are 

arranged  like  the  paragraphs  in  the  columns  of  a newspaper. 
They  begin  at  the  upper  left-hand  corner  and  are  read  down- 
ward, following  to  the  next  row,  and  so  on.  Letters  or  abbre- 
viations on  the  front  of  each  case  indicate  its  contents. 

The  cards  in  each  drawer  are  filed  alphabetically  according 
to  the  data  on  the  top  line. 

Guide  cards  appear  at  convenient  intervals  indicating  sub- 
divisions of  the  alphabet  or  important  subject  headings. 

Different  Types.  — One  type  of  catalog  consists  of  three 
parts,  — one  for  the  author  cards,  one  for  the  subject  cards, 
and  another  for  the  title  cards.  They  are  called  Author 
Catalog , Subject  Catalog,  and  Title  Catalog,  respectively.  This 
type  is  not  now  commonly  used. 

A catalog  in  which  cards  are  filed  in  the  order  in  which  the 
books  stand  on  the  shelves  is  called  a Class  Catalog. 

The  most  convenient  and  most  approved  type  is  the  Dic- 
tionary Catalog,  so  called  because  all  the  headings,  whether 
author,  subject,  or  title,  are  filed  alphabetically  in  one  catalog, 
just  as  the  words  in  a dictionary  are  arranged.  When  many 
cards  are  headed  by  the  name  of  the  same  author  they  are 
arranged  alphabetically  according  to  the  titles  of  the  books. 
For  further  discussion  of  the  catalog  see  — 

Fay  and  Eaton.  Use  of  Books  and  Libraries.  1919.  Chapter  IX. 
Boston  Bk. 

Lowe,  J.  A.  Books  and  Libraries.  1917.  Chapter  I.  Boston  Bk. 
Wilson,  Martha.  School  Library  Management.  1919.  pp.  70-90. 
. Wilson. 


52 


2.  Classification  Systems. 

Purpose.  — To  bring  together  in  one  place  according  to  a 
convenient,  systematic  arrangement  all  the  books  of  a similar 
nature.  Everything  considered,  experience  shows  that  the 
subject-matter  of  a book  is  the  safest  basis  for  classification. 

Method.  — Books  are  arranged  on  the  shelves  according  to 
their  subject-matter,  and  as  near  them  as  convenience  will  allow 
are  placed  allied  subjects. 

Every  library  should  have  a scheme  or  plan  of  classification, 
giving  — 

(1)  A list  of  the  classes  or  groups  into  which  the  books  are 
divided,  including  essential  subdivisions. 

(2)  A notation,  or  distinctive  symbol,  used  to  designate  each 
book  of  the  collection. 

(3)  An  index  showing  the  group  in  which  any  matter  under 
consideration  may  be  classified. 

Systems.  — (a)  Decimal.  Devised  and  developed  by  Melvil 
Dewey.  The  Decimal  System  is  in  widest  use  and  is  more 
fully  indexed  than  the  Expansive.  It  divides  all  human  knowl- 
edge into  ten  main  classes,  each  of  these  into  ten  sub-classes,  and 
so  on.  Its  notation  consists  of  whole  numbers  and  decimal  frac- 
tions. 


Main  Classes. 

500-599  Natural  Science. 
600-699  Useful  Arts. 
700-799  Fine  Arts. 
800-899  Literature. 
900-999  History. 


000-099  General  Works. 

100-199  Philosophy. 

200-299  Religion. 

300-399  Sociology. 

400-499  Philology. 

Example  of  Subdivision  of  a Main 
Class. 

900  History. 

930  Ancient  History. 

940  Europe. 

970  North  America. 


Example  of  Further  Subdivision. 
973  United  States. 

973.1  Discovery. 

973.2  Colonial. 

973.3  Revolution. 

973.4  Constitutional  Period. 

973.5  War  of  1812. 


( b ) Expansive.  Formulated  by  C.  A.  Cutter.  The  Expan- 
sive System  is  perhaps  more  logical  in  some  respects,  and,  as  it 


53 


uses  a predominant  alphabetic  notation,  admits  of  many  co- 
ordinate classes  and  subclasses. 


Main 

A.  General  Works. 

B.  Philosophy. 

C.  Christianity. 

D.  Ecclesiastical  History. 

E.  Biography. 

F.  History. 

G.  Geography. 

H.  Political  Science. 

I.  Sociology. 

J.  Government. 

K.  Woman. 

L.  General  Science. 

M.  Natural  Science. 


Classes. 

N.  Botany. 

O.  Zoology. 

P.  Vertebrates. 

Q.  Medicine. 

R.  Useful  Arts. 

S.  Constructive  Arts. 

T.  Fabricative  Arts. 

U.  Art  of  War. 

V.  Athletic  and  Recreative  Arts. 

W.  Fine  Arts. 

X.  English  Literature. 

Y.  Literature. 

Z.  Book  Arts. 


Example  of  Subdivision  of  One  Class. 

F.  History: 

F02  Ancient  History. 

F30  Europe. 

F83  United  States. 

F831  Colonial  Period. 

F832  Revolution. 

F833  Period  1783-1860. 

F834  Civil  War. 

The  Cutter  System  is  included  here  because  it  is  used  in 
some  Massachusetts  libraries. 

Notation,  or  Book  Number.  — This  is  a symbol  standing 
for  an  individual  book.  It  indicates  a book  and  also  its  card 
in  the  catalog.  This  number  is  used  to  charge  a book  on  the 
borrower’s  card,  and  to  keep  the  book  in  its  place  on  the 
shelves,  distinguishing  it  from  every  other  book  in  the  library. 
It  is  usually  a combination  of  figures  and  letters,  consisting  of 
the  class  number,  the  author  mark,  and  the  individual  book 
mark;  i.e.,  520  B21  indicates  Ball’s  Story  of  the  Heavens. 
Librarians  now  frequently  omit  the  book  number.  If  it  is  in- 
cluded in  the  call  number  on  the  catalog  card  it  must  be  copied 
by  the  borrower  when  calling  for  a book. 

Shelf  Arrangement.  — Books  are  arranged  numerically  by 
the  number  on  the  top  line  of  the  notation,  then  alphabetically 


54 


by  the  letter  on  the  lower  line,  and  numerically  again  by  the 
figures  following  the  letter.  Books  are  arranged  on  each  shelf 
from  left  to  right,  and  the  shelves  are  usually  arranged  from 
top  to  bottom,  like  columns  on  the  page  of  a newspaper. 

For  further  discussion  of  classifications  see  — 

Fay  and  Eaton.  Use  of  Books  and  Libraries.  1919.  Chapter  VIII. 
Boston  Bk. 

Lowe,  J.  A.  Books  and  Libraries.  1917.  Chapter  II.  Boston  Bk. 
Wilson,  Martha.  School  Library  Management.  1919.  pp.  36-51. 
Wilson. 


3.  The  Vertical  File. 

Pamphlets,  clippings,  pictures,  and  other  illustrative  material 
are  an  important  supplement  to  books.  To  make  such  a mass 
of  ephemeral  literature  available  for  immediate  use  it  must  be 
organized  carefully  and  placed  conveniently  for  instant  call. 
The  vertical  filing  cabinet  is  a necessity  for  this  purpose. 
Drawers  usually  measuring  about  10  by  12  inches  hold  this 
material  in  folders  labeled  with  subject  headings,  e.g.,  Birds; 
Chocolate;  Roosevelt,  Theodore;  Thanksgiving.  In  these 
folders  are  placed  all  the  pictures,  articles,  or  pamphlets  re- 
lating to  the  subject,  each  separate  piece  of  material  bearing 
the  same  label  as  that  on  the  folder  to  insure  its  return  to  the 
proper  place.  The  subject  folders  are  arranged  in  alphabetical 
order  in  the  drawers,  and  are  frequently  given  a card  in  the 
catalog  drawer,  for  example : — 

Roosevelt,  Theodore. 

For  supplementary  material  see  vertical  file. 

This  material  is  kept  up  to  date  by  constant  additions,  and 
by  weeding  out  articles  no  longer  timely.  Borrowers  may  use 
the  vertical  file  on  application  to  the  librarian,  though  it  is 
customary  for  only  one  person  on  the  library  staff  to  take  out 
and  return  the  material  to  the  drawers,  to  insure  order  and 
correct  filing.  Material  cannot  usually  be  taken  from  the 
library  building,  but  is  occasionally  loaned  like  books  when 
conditions  require. 


55 


All  such  material,  however,  is  made  accessible  for  study  pur- 
poses when  teachers  send  notice  of  special  topics  and  needs  of 
given  classes  at  certain  times.  (See  Professional  Relations  of 
Teachers  and  Librarians,  page  60.) 

For  further  information  on  vertical  files  see:  — 

Modern  Library  Economy  Series.  Wilson. 

Vertical  File.  McVety,  M.  A.,  and  Colegrove,  M.  E.  Wilson.  50 
cents. 


56 


IX.  BULLETIN  BOARDS. 


Bulletin  boards  are  of  great  value  in  stimulating  interest  in 
the  library  and  its  resources. 

Bulletin  boards  in  public  libraries  may  be  of  assistance 
to  school  work  if  they  contain : — 

Holiday  pictures  and  programs. 

Seasonable  illustrations  and  reading  lists. 

Required  reading  lists  with  pictures  of  authors,  their  homes, 
etc. 

Announcements  of  educational  lectures,  giving  lists  of  articles 
and  pictures  regarding  subject  and  lecturer. 

Announcements  of  extension  courses,  giving  required  readings. 

Lists  of  books,  pamphlets,  and  magazine  articles  on  education. 

Some  public  libraries  maintain  a bulletin  board  especially  for 
teachers. 

Bulletin  boards  in  schools  are  useful  — 

For  correlation  with  school  subjects.  There  may  be  a bulletin 
board  for  each  school  subject,  if  space  permits;  otherwise 
various  departments  may  alternate  in  the  use  of  one  board. 

For  exhibits.  Parent-teachers’  meetings  and  holiday  cele- 
brations. 

For  information.  Notices,  current  events,  and  lists  for  out- 
side reading. 

For  advertising.  School  activities,  and  local  educational  or 
community  interests. 

Materials  for  bulletin  board  background : — 

Cork  is  the  most  satisfactory  material  in  general  use,  — 
durable,  available  in  soft  tones. 

Soft  wood  may  be  used  if  covered  with  burlap  or  art  denim. 
Bulletin  boards  are  often  made  by  the  manual  training  depart- 
ment. 

Colors  for  background.  Neutral  tints  should  usually  be  used. 
The  colors  should  harmonize  with  the  room.  Brown  or  green 
are  generally  the  most  satisfactory. 


57 


General  directions  for  making  bulletin  boards:  — 

Arrangement.  — There  should  be  a unit  of  thought  for  each 
bulletin,  — one  idea  at  a time  avoids  confusion. 

Margins  should  be  balanced. 

There  should  be  a center  of  interest. 

The  material  should  be  balanced. 

The  edges  next  to  the  outside  margins  should  usually  be 
straight. 

An  appropriate  heading  adds  to  meaning  and  attractive- 
ness. 

When  finished  a bulletin  as  a whole  should  constitute  a 
picture  and  be  pleasing  to  the  eye. 

Color  adds  much  to  the  attractiveness  of  bulletin  boards 
when  wisely  employed.  It  may  find  place  in  mounts  for  head- 
ings and  pictures,  in  illustrations  and  in  lettering.  Use  only 
two  colors  at  one  time,  and  select  harmonious  colors. 

Lettering.  — Hand  work  when  well  done  is  most  effective. 
Printed  headings  from  papers  or  signs  may  be  utilized.  Letters 
may  be  purchased  in  assorted  sizes  and  colors,  gummed  for 
use.  (See  Wilson,  Martha,  School  Library  Management,  for 
sources.) 

Fasteners.  — Use  thumb  tacks  with  heads  large  enough  to 
slip  material  under.  Do  not  pierce  material  if  possible  to  avoid 
it.  Small  clips  with  pin  catch  are  useful  for  pictures.  Pins 
may  be  used  for  temporary  material  only. 

Books.  — When  space  permits,  a table  placed  below  the 
bulletin  board  and  displaying  books  on  the  subject  adds  greatly 
to  the  attractiveness  and  use  of  the  materials. 

Materials  for  display:  — 

Clippings.  — Large  clear  type  is  desirable.  A few  carefully 
selected  clippings  are  more  likely  to  be  read. 

Pictures,  Maps,  etc.  — Newspaper  cuts  and  magazine  prints 
should  be  used  only  when  they  are  distinct.  In  using  advertise- 
ments remove  printing  usually.  The  following  are  especially 
effective:  prints  sold  by  firms  such  as  Perry,  Brown,  Elson; 
Mentor  prints;  and  book  jackets.  (For  addresses  see  page  9.) 

Change  material  frequently  to  retain  interest,  but  not  so 
often  as  to  fail  of  purpose,  or  to  result  in  poorly  prepared  ma- 
terial. A well-edited,  carefully  arranged  bulletin  board  requires 


58 


time  and  thought.  Only  material  of  value  and  good  form 
should  appear. 

Current  Interests.  — Relate  bulletins  to  current  interests. 

Call  attention  of  those  interested  to  a particular  bulletin  pre- 
pared on  their  subject.  Lack  of  observation  is  very  common. 
The  test  of  a successful  bulletin  board  is  the  resultant  activity 
of  some  kind. 

For  further  suggestions  regarding  bulletin  board  work  see 
United  States  Bureau  of  Education,  Division  of  Educational 
Extension,  Library  Service,  pages  8 to  11,  January,  1919. 


59 


X.  LIBRARY  HOUR. 


“Library  hour”  is  the  name  applied  to  the  time  given  regu- 
larly each  week  or  month  by  a class  to  the  direct  use  of  library 
books.  This  may  consist  of  recreational  reading,  either  aloud 
or  individually,  general  conversation  about  books,  or  silent 
reading  from  groups  of  books  on  specially  assigned  subjects,  to  be 
reported  on  later,  so  that  the  entire  class  may  share  in  the  re- 
sults. Lessons  on  the  use  of  the  library  or  of  reference  books 
(see  page  64)  are  often  given  at  this  time,  either  at  the  public 
library  or  school  library,  or  in  the  classroom. 

Teachers  and  librarians  who  conduct  library  hours  are  re- 
quested to  make  written  accounts  of  this  work  to  the  Division 
of  Public  Libraries,  State  House,  Boston,  as  this  type  of  work 
is  in  the  experimental  stage,  and  is  capable  of  wider  use  in  new 
and  useful  ways  if  cooperation  can  bring  these  to  light. 


60 


XI.  PROFESSIONAL  RELATIONS  OF  TEACHERS  AND 

LIBRARIANS. 


Cooperation  is  indispensable  to  secure  the  education  of  all 
the  people.  United  effort  is  needed  to  acquaint  the  children 
with  the  library  and  to  lead  them  to  become  intelligent  borrow- 
ers. Teachers  should  learn  the  resources  of  the  local  library 
and  of  museums,  both  for  their  personal  use  and  in  order  to 
direct  the  pupils.  Librarians  should  be  supplied  with  copies  of 
the  courses  of  study  in  the  local  schools  in  order  to  provide 
materials  needed,  and  to  notify  schools  of  the  facilities  avail- 
able. 

In  Lexington,  the  librarian  at  the  public  library  secures  in  the  summer 
from  the  superintendent  of  schools  a list  of  the  new  teachers  expected  in 
the  fall.  A personal  note  is  sent  to  each  one  on  her  arrival  in  the  village, 
inviting  her  to  make  immediate  and  constant  use  of  any  facilities  the 
library  can  provide.  The  response  is  gratifying,  and  shows  an  appreciation 
of  the  cordiality  and  promptness  of  the  contact. 

Requests  for  New  Books  and  Periodicals.  — Teachers 
should  send  requests  for  new  books  and  periodicals  in  writing, 
whenever  possible  giving  accurately  the  author,  title,  publisher, 
and  price  if  available;  also  a general  statement  of  those  to 
whom  the  material  will  be  of  use.  Public  libraries  cannot  be 
expected  to  purchase  many  textbooks  nor  many  copies  of  any 
single  book  used  intensively  for  a brief  period  each  year.  (For 
a suggested  form  of  request  see  page  49.) 

Advance  notice  of  material  needed  for  reference  study 
should  be  given  to  the  library  to  insure  its  collection  and 
reservation  if  necessary.  The  collection  and  preparation  of 
material  for  study  purposes  take  time  and  effort.  Sufficient 
notice  of  the  topic  and  time  when  such  material  is  to  be  used 
will  result  in  a larger  amount  of  material,  and  suitable  ar- 
rangement for  comfortable  use  by  the  reader,  with  less  delay 
to  all  concerned.  Teachers  should  indicate  the  period  of  time 


61 


for  which  the  material  will  be  needed  and  the  number  of  pupils 
expected  to  use  it;  and  they  should  be  definite  and  accurate 
in  their  assignments  to  insure  the  collection  of  correct  material. 
Librarians  should  insist  that  students  help  themselves  as  much 
as  possible,  and  at  the  same  time  encourage  students  to  ask 
for  help  in  cases  of  perplexity. 

Special  privileges  accorded  to  teachers  in  borrowing  books 
or  pictures  for  extended  use  call  for  the  full  recognition  of  the 
need  for  cooperation  in  the  use  of  community  property.  This 
involves  the  prompt  return  of  material  borrowed  and  the 
prompt  payment  of  any  fines  or  damages. 

Outside  Resources.  — Librarians  may  inform  teachers  as 
to  library  facilities  outside  the  local  library  and  the  procedure 
necessary  to  use  them.  Teachers  will  find  the  use  of  such  re- 
sources extremely  helpful. 

Patrons  of  To-morrow.  — School  children  of  to-day  are  the 
library  patrons  of  to-morrow,  and  every  librarian  is  eager  to 
attract  and  train  these  future  patrons. 


62 


XII.  DIRECTORY  OF  PUBLISHERS  FREQUENTLY 
REFERRED  TO  IN  THIS  BULLETIN. 


Am.  Federation  of  Arts,  Leila  Mechlin,  Sec.,  1741  New  York  Avenue,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.;  215  West  57th  Street,  New  York. 

A.  L.  A.:  American  Library  Association,  78  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago. 
Appleton:  D.  Appleton  & Co.,  29-35  West  32d  Street,  New  York;  533  South 
Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago. 

Atlantic  Monthly  Press:  8-9  Arlington  Street,  Boston. 

Boston  Bk.:  Boston  Book  Co.,  83-91  Francis  Street,  Boston. 

Bowker:  R.  R.  Bowker  Co.,  62  West  45th  Street,  New  York. 

Buffalo  Soc.  of  Natural  Sciences,  Library  Building,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Cambridge  University  Press,  35  West  32d  Street,  New  York. 

Cassell:  Cassell  & Co.,  43  East  19th  Street,  New  York. 

Century:  Century  Co.,  353  4th  Avenue,  New  York. 

Columbia  University  Press,  Lemcke  & Buechner,  Agents,  30-32  West  27th 
Street,  New  York. 

Comstock:  Comstock  Publishing  Co.,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Crowell:  T.  Y.  Crowell  Co.,  426-428  West  Broadway,  New  York. 

Democrat  Ptg.  Co.,  Madison,  Wis. 

De  Wolfe  & Fiske  Co.,  20  Franklin  Street,  Boston. 

Dodd:  Dodd,  Mead  & Co.,  4th  Avenue  and  30th  Street,  New  York. 

Dole:  Nathan  Haskell  Dole,  Jamaica  Plain,  Boston.  (Francis  A.  Niccolls  & Co., 
Agents,  212  Summer  Street,  Boston.) 

Doran:  Doran  Publishing  Co.,  244  Madison  Avenue,  New  York. 

Doubleday:  Doubleday,  Page  & Co.,  Garden  City,  N.  Y. 

Dutton:  E.  P.  Dutton  & Co.,  31  West  23d  Street,  New  York. 

Elm  Tree  Press,  Woodstock,  Vt.  (Modern  American  Economy  Series  for  sale 
by  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.) 

Encyclopedia  Americana  Corporation,  27  William  Street,  New  York. 

Faxon:  F.  W.  Faxon  Co.,  83  Francis  Street,  Boston. 

Funk:  Funk  & Wagnalls  Co.,  354-360  4th  Avenue,  New  York. 

Ginn:  Ginn  & Co.,  15  Ashburton  Place,  Boston;  2301-2311  Prairie  Avenue, 
Chicago. 

Gov.  Ptg.:  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Hammond:  C.  S.  Hammond  & Co.,  30  Church  Street,  Hudson  Terminal  Building, 
New  York. 

Harper:  Harper  & Brothers,  Franklin  Square,  New  York. 

Heath:  D.  C.  Heath  & Co.,  50  Beacon  Street,  Boston. 

Holt:  Henry  Holt  & Co.,  19  West  44th  Street,  New  York. 

Houghton:  Houghton,  Mifflin  Co.,  4 Park  Street,  Boston;  16  East  40th  Street, 
New  York;  2451-2459  Prairie  Avenue,  Chicago;  278  Post  Street,  San  Francisco. 
Lippincott:  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.,  East  Washington  Square,  Philadelphia. 
Longmans:  Longmans,  Green  & Co.,  443-449  4th  Avenue,  cor.  30th  Street,  New 
York. 

Lothrop:  Lothrop,  Lee  & Shepard  Co.,  93  Federal  Street,  Boston. 

McClure:  Book  department  taken  over  by  Doubleday. 

Macmillan:  The  Macmillan  Co.,  66  5th  Avenue,  New  York. 

Malkan:  H.  Malkan,  42  Broadway,  New  York. 

Marquis:  A.  N.  Marquis  & Co.,  440-442  South  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago. 


63 


Merriam:  G.  and  C.  Merriam  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Moffat:  Moffat  Yard  & Co.,  116-120  West  32d  Street,  New  York. 

Mtjnn:  Munn  & Co.,  233  Broadway,  New  York. 

Nichols:  C.  A.  Nichols  Co.,  356  Main  Street,  Springfield,  Mass. 

Outing  Pub.  Co.,  141  West  36th  Street,  New  York.  (Book  business  sold  to 
Macmillan.) 

Outlook  Co.,  381  4th  Avenue,  New  York. 

Oxford:  Oxford  University  Press  (American  Branch),  35  West  32d  Street,  New 
York. 

Pan  American  Union,  17th  and  B Streets,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Popular  Mechanics,  6 North  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago. 

Press  Pub.:  Press  Publishing  Co.  (New  York  World),  Pulitzer  Building,  New 
York. 

Public-School:  Public-School  Publishing  Co.,  Bloomington,  111. 

Putnam:  G.  P.  Putnam’s  Sons,  Putnam  Building,  2-6  West  45th  Street,  New  York. 
Rand:  Rand  McNally  & Co.,  Rand  McNally  Building,  Chicago;  40  East  22d 
Street,  New  York;  455  South  Olive  Street,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Revell:  Fleming  H.  Revell  & Co.,  158  5th  Avenue,  New  York. 

Row,  Peterson  & Co.,  623  South  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago;  112  East  19th  Street, 
New  York. 

Schirmer:  G.  Schirmer,  3 West  43d  Street,  New  York. 

Scribner:  Charles  Scribner’s  Sons,  597  5th  Avenue,  New  York;  608  South  Dear- 
born Street,  Chicago. 

Small:  Small,  Maynard  & Co.,  41  Mt.  Vernon  Street,  Boston. 

Spon:  Spon  & Chamberlain,  123  Liberty  Street,  New  York. 

Supt.  of  Doc.:  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Univ.  of  Chicago  Press,  East  58th  Street  and  Ellis  Avenue,  Chicago. 

U.  S.  Agric.:  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Warner  Lib.  Co.:  Warner  Library  Co.,  1133  Broadway,  New  York. 

Warwick:  Warwick  & York,  Inc.,  10  Center  Street,  Baltimore. 

Willard  Co.,  479  6th  Street,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Wilson:  H.  W.  Wilson  Co.,  958-964  University  (Lind)  Avenue,  New  York. 
Wisconsin,  Department  of  Public  Instruction,  Madison. 

Women’s  Educational  and  Industrial  Union,  264  Boylston  Street,  Boston. 
World  Book  Co.,  Park  Hill,  Yonkers-on-Hudson,  N.  Y.;  2126  Prairie  Avenue, 
Chicago. 


64 


Appendix. 


OUTLINE  OE  LESSONS  ON  THE  USE  OF  BOOKS  AND 
LIBRARIES  FOR  ELEMENTARY  AND 
SECONDARY  SCHOOLS. 


The  outline  in  this  Appendix  was  prepared  by  the  following 
committee  of  librarians:  — 

Miss  Florence  Damon,  Chairman , State  Normal  School,  Bridgewater, 
Mass. 

Miss  Anna  L.  Bates,  Public  Library,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Mrs.  Agnes  C.  Blake,  State  Normal  School,  Salem,  Mass. 

Miss  Edith  Coulman,  High  School,  Quincy,  Mass. 

Miss  Mary  H.  Davis,  High  School,  Brookline,  Mass. 

Miss  Marion  Lovis,  High  School,  Waltham,  Mass. 

Miss  Elsie  Schmidt,  State  Normal  School,  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

The  object  of  these  lessons  is  twofold:  to  give  boys  and 
girls  an  interest  in,  and  a love  for,  books  and  reading;  and  to 
show  them  how  to  use  libraries  intelligently. 

If  a school  has  organized  a school  library  with  a librarian  in 
charge,  the  instruction  herein  outlined  should  be  given  by  the 
librarian.  In  other  schools  the  instruction  should  be  given  by 
the  teachers.  In  fact,  many  of  the  lessons  may  be  given  most 
effectively  in  connection  with  some  subject  by  the  teacher  of 
that  subject.  For  example,  lessons  on  the  use  of  the  index  and 
the  table  of  contents  should  be  given  by  the  grade  teacher  as 
the  need  for  their  use  arises  in  English,  reading,  or  history 
classes.  Lessons  on  the  card  catalog  and  the  Readers’  Guide 
should  be  taught  in  the  library.  Such  lessons  may  be  given  dur- 
ing the  first  part  of  a library  period,  and  the  remainder  of  the 
hour  spent  in  reference  work  or  in  reading  for  pure  pleasure. 


65 


The  ideal  arrangement  is  to  give  these  lessons  in  the  regu- 
larly scheduled  library  hour,  which  each  grade  should  have  in 
the  library  every  week.  The  children  are  introduced  to  many 
kinds  of  books,  are  taught  how  to  find  them  in  a library,  and 
are  stimulated  to  read  them.  They  are  trained  to  realize  the 
value  of  a library,  and  to  use  all  its  resources  in  reading  for  in- 
formation, inspiration,  and  recreation. 


66 


I.  FOR  ELEMENTARY  SCHOOLS. 


Grade  I. 

I.  Care  of  books. 

A.  Opening  of  a new  book. 

To  open  a new  book  properly,  hold  it  on  a table 
back  downward.  Hold  the  book  vertical, 
press  the  front  cover  down  until  it  touches 
the  table,  then  press  down  the  back  cover, 
then  a few  leaves  at  the  back,  and  then  a 
few  at  the  front,  and  continue  until  the  book 
lies  open  at  the  middle. 

B.  Handling  of  the  book. 

1.  Turn  pages  by  the  upper  right-hand  corner. 

2.  Use  a bookmark. 

3.  Insist  on  clean  hands. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

Use  one  book  that  is  badly  worn  and  one  that  shows 
careful  handling.  Use  Goop  and  Brownie 
posters.  These  may  be  obtained  at  the 
Democrat  Printing  Company,  Madison,  Wis. 
The  following  poem  is  found  on  the  Brownie 
poster:  — • 

Brownies  wash  their  hands  quite  clean, 

A dirty  book  they’ve  never  seen. 

Brownies  do  not  show  their  greed 
By  eating  candy  when  they  read. 

Brownies  do  not  mark  their  books, 

For  this  they  know  would  spoil  their  looks. 

Brownies  put  their  books  away; 

They  find  them  on  the  shelf  next  day. 

Grade  II. 

I.  Review  care  of  books. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

Show  the  physical  make-up  of  the  book  to  emphasize 
care  in  handling. 


67 


Grade  III. 

I.  Review  care  of  books. 

II.  Introduction  to  the  public  library. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

If  there  is  no  school  library,  it  is  doubly  important 
that  the  children  know  how  to  use  the  pub- 
lic library  intelligently.  The  teacher  of  the 
class  may  take  the  children  to  the  library, 
discuss  with  them  library  courtesy,  and  ex- 
plain the  rules  for  borrowing  books.  She 
may  show  the  children  where  to  find  books 
that  they  will  enjoy  so  that  they  may  be- 
come independent  in  their  use  of  the  library. 
A story  hour  adds  interest  to  the  first  visit 
to  the  library.  The  teacher  should  consult 
the  local  librarian  in  working  out  these 
plans. 

III.  Table  of  contents. 

A.  Use. 

B.  Arrangement. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

The  teacher  may  give  this  instruction  in  a reading 
class.  Demonstrate  how  easy  it  is  to  find 
stories  in  the  book  by  using  the  table  of 
contents.  A device  is  to  compare  the  num- 
bers on  the  pages  with  street  or  telephone 
numbers.  Then  the  table  of  contents  is  the 
directory  giving  the  number  of  the  page  on 
which  the  story  may  be  found.  Teach  the 
term,  “ Table  of  contents.’’ 

IV.  Alphabet  study  in  preparation  for  the  dictionary. 

A.  Alphabet  games. 

1.  Arrangement  of  children  by  names. 

2.  Arrangement  of  authors’  names. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

The  aim  is  to  teach  the  relationship  of  the  letters  in 
the  alphabet. 


68 


Grade  IV. 

I.  Dictionary. 

A.  Looking  up  words. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

This  lesson  may  be  taught  most  effectively  in  the 
grade  room  by  the  teacher  in  charge  when 
the  need  for  the  use  of  the  dictionary  arises. 
The  lesson  should  be  based  on  the  abridged 
school  dictionary,  and  each  child  should  have 
his  own  copy. 

II.  Parts  of  a book. 

A.  Title-page. 

1.  Author. 

2.  Title. 

3.  Publisher. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

In  these  lessons  the  teacher  has  an  opportunity  to 
arouse  interest  in  books  and  authors  and 
to  stimulate  the  growth  of  reading  habits. 
Many  books  that  children  might  not  choose 
to  read  on  their  own  initiative  may  be  so 
presented  by  the  teacher  that  the  terms 
“ required  or  supplementary  reading”  need 
not  be  used  in  the  schoolroom.  Such  les- 
sons should  be  informal.  For  instance,  the 
teacher  may  turn  to  the  title-page,  ask  the 
class  the  name  of  the  book,  and  discuss  what 
the  name  signifies  and  why  the  writer  chose 
the  name.  The  pupils  will  then  find  the  au- 
thor’s name  on  the  title-page.  Facts  of  inter- 
est about  the  author  may  be  given  by  the 
teacher  for  the  purpose  of  arousing  interest 
in  writers  and  in  the  actual  writing  of  books. 
This  discussion  will  lead  to  an  explanation 
of  the  printing  of  books  and  the  work  of  the 
publisher.  The  story  itself  may  be  intro- 
duced by  the  reading  or  telling  of  parts  that 
will  arouse  enthusiasm  for  the  reading  of  the 
entire  book. 


69 


B.  Table  of  contents. 

1.  Location. 

2.  Arrangement. 

3.  Use. 

C.  Index. 

1.  Location. 

2.  Arrangement. 

3.  Use. 

4.  Comparison  with  table  of  contents. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

The  lesson  may  be  given  by  the  grade  teacher  as  the 
need  for  the  use  of  the  index  arises.  Care 
should  be  used  to  show  why  an  index  is 
needed  in  most  books  as  well  as  the  table  of 
contents.  The  index  is  the  key  to  all  sub- 
ject material  in  the  book,  while  the  table  of 
contents  gives  only  the  chapter  headings. 

TIL  Location  of  books  by  subject. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

This  lesson  should  be  presented  in  the  school  library 
or  in  the  public  library.  It  may  be  given  by 
the  teacher  in  charge  of  the  grade  or  by  the 
librarian.  The  aim  should  be  twofold:  To 
interest  boys  and  girls  in  different  kinds  of 
books,  and  to  point  out  where  they  may  be 
found  in  the  library.  Choose  books  of  his- 
tory, nature  and  fairy  stories,  books  on 
“how  to  do  things,”  and  books  of  fiction. 
Introduce  the  history  stories  to  the  students 
and  point  out  the  shelf  on  which  the  book  may 
be  found  if  they  should  wish  to  read  it.  Dis- 
cover that  all  history  stories  are  together  on 
the  shelf.  Follow  the  same  method  in  locat- 
ing other  kinds  of  stories.  This  makes  the 
children  independent  in  finding  different  kinds 
of  books,  and  gives  them  their  first  idea  of  the 
subject  classification  of  books  in  a library. 
IV.  Care  of  books. 

A.  How  to  take  from  the  shelf  (avoid  tearing  of  back). 

B.  How  to  replace  on  the  shelf  (avoiding  crowding). 


70 


Grade  V. 

I.  Review  cake  of  books. 

II.  Dictionary. 

A.  Definitions. 

B.  Pronunciation. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

This  lesson  should  be  a continuation  of  the  study  of 
the  dictionary  begun  in  Grade  IV.  Abridged 
school  dictionaries  should  be  used. 

III.  Continue  lessons  on  the  location  of  books  by 
subject. 

Grade  VI. 

I.  Dictionary. 

A.  Special  features. 

1.  Flags  and  arms  of  nations. 

2.  Proper  names. 

3.  Plates. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

The  unabridged  dictionary  should  be  used  in  this 
grade.  The  teacher  may  give  the  lesson  in 
connection  with  history  or  geography. 

II.  Encyclopedia. 

A.  Use. 

1.  Comparison  with  dictionary. 

B.  Arrangement. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

This  instruction  may  be  given  when  it  becomes 
necessary  for  the  pupil  to  use  the  encyclo- 
pedia in  history  or  English  classes.  After 
an  assignment  that  necessitates  the  use  of 
the  encyclopedia,  the  teacher  may  explain 
its  arrangement,  and  the  pupils  will  use  it 
in  finding  desired  material.  If  there  is  a 
school  library  with  a librarian  in  charge, 
the  pupils  will  be  sent  to  the  library  for 
their  reference  work,  and  in  that  case  the 
librarian  will  give  the  instruction. 


71 


III.  Location  of  books  by  subject,  with  numbers. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

This  lesson  must  be  given  in  the  library.  Teach 
the  classification  numbers  for  subjects  with 
which  the  pupils  are  familiar,  i.e.,  Natural 
Science  — 500;  Useful  Arts  — 600;  Fine 
Arts  — 700;  Literature  — 800;  History  — 
900.  Let  them  discover  the  numerical  ar- 
rangement of  books  in  a library. 

Grade  VII. 

I.  Review  work  done  in  Grade  VI. 

II.  Reference  books. 

A.  Atlas. 

1.  Use  of  index. 

2.  Map  reading. 

B.  Who’s  Who  in  America. 

1.  Arrangement. 

2.  Use. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

The  teacher  may  give  this  instruction  when  the  need 
for  use  of  these  reference  books  comes  in 
history  or  geography. 

III.  Classification. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

Review  the  location  of  books  by  subject.  Let  the 
pupils  discover  that  books  in  a library  are 
arranged  first  by  number  and  then  alpha- 
betically by  author.  Explain  the  call  num- 
bers of  books  so  that  students  will  be  able 
to  understand  the  relation  between  the  num- 
bers on  books  and  the  numbers  on  the  cards 
in  the  card  catalog.  This  lesson  leads  up  to 
the  lesson  on  the  card  catalog. 


IV.  Card 

CATALOG. 

A. 

Use. 

B. 

Arrangement. 

C. 

Kinds  of  cards. 

72 


Suggestions  for  teaching. 

After  the  lesson  on  the  card  catalog,  the  pupils  should 
be  given  problems  in  finding  books  in  the 
library  by  author,  title,  or  subject. 

Grade  VIII. 

I.  Review  card  catalog. 

II.  Readers'  Guide  to  periodical  literature. 

A.  Use. 

B.  Arrangement. 

C.  Symbols. 

1.  Abbreviation  for  magazine  name,  volume, 
page,  date. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

Topics  requiring  the  use  of  magazines  are  given  in 
English  and  history.  Explain  the  use  of 
the  Readers'  Guide  and  have  the  pupils  use 
it  in  finding  necessary  material.  This  lesson 
should  be  taught  in  the  library  either  by 
the  teacher  or  the  librarian. 

III.  Reference  books. 

A.  Dictionary  — complete  use. 

B.  Atlas. 

C.  Encyclopedia. 

D.  Who’s  Who. 

E.  Who’s  Who  in  America. 

F.  Century  Dictionary  of  Names. 

G.  Walsh:  Curiosities  of  Popular  Customs. 

H.  Bartlett:  Familiar  Quotations. 

I.  Harper:  Encyclopedia  of  United  States  History. 

J.  Harper:  Dictionary  of  Classical  Literature  and 

Antiquities. 

Suggestions  for  teaching. 

Teach  those  reference  books  that  are  in  the  library  and 
teach  as  need  for  them  arises  in  class  work. 

Note.  — For  the  benefit  of  the  pupil  whose  school  life  may 
end  with  the  eighth  grade,  teach  the  resources  of  the  public 
library  that  he  may  use  in  every-day  life,  e.g.,  newspapers, 
magazines,  pamphlets,  vocational  books. 


73 


II.  FOR  HIGH  SCHOOLS. 


The  following  topics  represent  the  minimum  instruction  in 
the  high  school.  The  topics  should  be  incorporated  into  the 
English  course  and  required  of  all  pupils  as  an  integral  part  of 
the  work  in  English.  The  lessons  should  be  begun  early  in  the 
freshman  year,  not  only  that  the  pupils  may  utilize  the  knowl- 
edge thus  obtained  throughout  the  high  school  course,  but  also 
that  pupils  who  drop  out  of  school  may  have  the  knowledge 
for  self-education  after  school  days.  At  least  eight  lessons 
should  be  given  during  the  first  year.  Two  lessons  will  be 
needed  for  each  of  the  topics  A,  C,  and  D.  The  reference  books 
listed  in  topic  B may  be  studied  as  the  pupils  need  them,  giving 
at  least  two  periods  during  the  first  year  for  the  more  com- 
monly used  reference  books  and  leaving  others  until  later  years. 

The  topics  should  be  reviewed  and  developed  during  each  of 
the  subsequent  years.  Eight  lessons  during  each  year  should 
be  required.  Reference  also  should  be  made  to  the  lessons 
whenever  there  is  need  for  help  in  using  reference  material. 
For  example,  it  is  essential  that  civics  pupils  understand  how 
to  use  the  Readers’  Guide  in  order  to  find  material  in  magazines. 
The  reference  books  listed  should  be  examined  in  the  school 
library  or  the  public  library.  If  the  pupil  has  had  instruction 
in  the  grades,  it  should  be  systematized  and  enlarged  in  the 
high  school. 

At  the  end  of  each  topic,  sample  problems  are  given.  The 
problems  given  in  the  various  years  should  not  duplicate  each 
other. 

Topic  A.  Books  and  Libraries. 

I.  Public  library. 

1.  Purpose  and  value.  Emphasize  the  fact  that  the 

library  may  provide  means  for  continuing 
education  throughout  life. 

2.  Use.  Comment  briefly  on  library  regulations. 

3.  Register  for  public  library  cards.  This  may  wait 

until  the  end  of  the  lesson. 


74 


II.  The  book. 

1.  Care  of  the  book. 

a.  Opening  the  book.  (Publishers  enclose  direc- 

tions with  many  new  books.) 

b.  Make-up  of  books.  With  a book  from  which  the 

cover  has  been  removed,  illustrate  the 
structure  of  the  book,  emphasizing  its 
delicacy  and  sensitiveness  to  hard  usage. 
Comment  on  the  effects’ of  heat,  cold,  damp- 
ness, etc.,  on  the  glue.  Draw  conclusions 
from  the  class  as  to  good  and  bad  usage. 

2.  Printed  parts  of  a book.  (Based  on  observation  of 

any  textbook.) 

a.  Cover. 

b.  Title-page. 

(1)  Title. 

(2)  Author’s  name. 

(3)  Edition. 

(4)  Imprint  (place  and  date  of  publication,  pub- 

lisher’s name). 

c.  Copyright.  Explain  and  comment  on  the  im- 

portance of  the  copyright  date  over  the 
date  of  publication. 

d.  Dedication. 

e.  Preface  and  introduction. 

/.  Table  of  contents. 

g.  Illustrations  and  maps. 

h.  Body  of  book. 

i.  Appendix. 

j.  Index.  Give  most  of  the  time  to  a detailed  ex- 

planation of  the  index.  Contrast  it  with 
the  table  of  contents. 

(1)  Definition  and  use. 

(a)  Meaning  of  word  (index  finger). 

0 b ) Value. 

(c)  Scope. 

( d ) Arrangement. 

(e)  Place  in  book. 


75 


(2)  Index  of  a set  of  volumes. 

(а)  General  index  in  last  volume,  or 

(б)  Index  in  each  volume  and  general  index  in 
last. 

Problems. 

1.  Tell  how  the  public  library  may  help  — 

a.  The  business  man  and  woman. 

b.  The  high  school  boy  and  girl. 

c.  Every  resident  of  the  city. 

2.  Describe  the  structure  of  a book,  and  tell  how  a 

book  should  be  cared  for. 

3.  Give  each  pupil  a subject  to  be  looked  up  in  the 

indexes  of  several  books.  These  subjects 
should  be  so  chosen  as  to  illustrate  the 
various  types  of  page  and  volume  refer- 
ences. Have  the  pupils  note  on  paper  the 
references  to  the  subject,  giving  author, 
title,  and  copyright  date  of  the  book  as 
well  as  the  page  and  volume  references. 

Topic  B.  Reference  Books. 

The  index  idea  may  well  be  carried  throughout  the  lessons. 
In  the  case  of  reference  books  the  analogy  is  in  the  index 
arrangement  of  information.  Define  “reference”  book.  Take 
up  with  each  book  the  field  which  it  covers,  arrangement  of 
material,  special  features,  how  indexed,  etc. 

I.  Dictionaries.  Comparison  of  those  in  library  or  school, 
— Webster,  Standard,  Century. 

II.  Encyclopedia. 

1.  General  encyclopedias. 

a.  Difference  between  dictionary  and  encyclopedia. 

b.  The  most  used  encyclopedias.  (Teach  one 

thoroughly,  comment  on  the  others.) 
Britannica,  New  International.  Emphasize 
the  treatment  of  material  (popular,  read- 
able, reliable,  exhaustive).  Where  pub- 
lished, bibliographies,  illustrations,  and 
maps. 


76 


2.  Special  encyclopedias  and  handbooks.  (This  list  is 
too  long  for  one  lesson.  The  reference  books 
may  be  studied  as  the  pupils  need  them, 
giving  at  least  two  periods  during  the  first 
year  for  the  more  commonly  used  reference 
books  and  leaving  others  until  later  years.) 

a.  Statesman’s  Year  Book. 

b.  World  Almanac. 

c.  Congressional  Directory. 

d.  State  Manual. 

e.  City  or  town  reports. 

/.  Who’s  Who. 

g.  Who’s  Who  in  America. 

h.  Century  Cyclopedia  of  Names. 

i.  Brewer:  Readers’  Handbook. 

j.  Brewer:  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable. 

k.  Gayley:  Classic  Myths. 

l.  Bartlett:  Familiar  Quotations. 

m.  Lippincott’s  New  Gazetteer. 

n.  Granger:  Index  to  Poetry  and  Recitations. 

o.  Atlas.  Use  those  at  hand,  emphasizing  map 

reading.  Note  that  atlases  are  historical, 
general,  special. 

Problems. 

1.  Ascertain  the  kinds  of  information  that  can  be 

found  about  a word  in  Webster’s  Un- 
abridged Dictionary. 

2.  Look  up  topics  in  reference  books  covered  by  a 

lesson  on  the  use  of  books  and  libraries, 
e.g.,  find  a summary  of  the  present  copy- 
right law  of  the  United  States. 

Topic  C.  Reader’s  Guide  to  Periodical  Literature. 

(Index  to  magazines.) 

I.  Value  of  magazine  articles  as  reference  material  on 
current  topics. 

II.  Magazines,  how  issued.  Show  with  individual  numbers 
that  each  is  a definite  part  of  a definite 
volume.  Show  bound  volume  complete. 


77 


III.  Indexes. 

1.  How  issued  and  cumulated. 

2.  Arrangement. 

3.  Information  given  under  each  entry.  Some  dis- 

cussion of  magazines  themselves  is  in- 
teresting if  pupils  are  familiar  with  them. 
Show  various  types  of  magazines,  i.e., 
literary,  social,  reviews,  special  topics,  pop- 
ular, technical.  Give  some  standards  for 
judging  the  grade  of  a magazine.  Class  dis- 
cussion of  magazines  read,  however  poor 
the  grade,  may  be  of  value  if  the  stand- 
ards of  good  magazines  are  applied  to 
measure  them. 

Problems. 

1.  Find  what  constitutes  a volume  of  a magazine. 

2.  Look  up  subjects  in  Readers’  Guide.  The  pupil 

should  note  on  paper,  in  good  form,  the 
subject  looked  up  — followed  by  the  full 
index  entry  — in  each  case. 


Topic  D.  Catalog  and  Classification. 

The  index  to  a library. 

I.  Classification. 

1.  Definition. 

2.  Reason  for  system  of  arrangement  of  books.  (Find- 

ing of  information  promptly.) 

3.  Form  of  classification.  Teach  the  form  in  local  use, 

which  will  probably  be  the  Dewey  Decimal 
system.  Dewey  system  classifies  books  by 
subject.  The  Dewey  system  divides  all 
knowledge  into  ten  general  classes,  and 
assigns  to  them  the  numbers  from  000  to 
900.  The  ten  general  classes  are : — 

000  General  works  (reference  books). 

100  Philosophy. 

200  Religion. 

300  Sociology. 


78 


400  Language. 

500  Science. 

600  Industrial  arts. 

700  Fine  arts. 

800  Literature. 

900  History,  travel,  and  biography. 

If  possible  have  outlines  subdivided  to  tens  in  hands 
of  pupils  during  the  lesson.  Illustration  of 
how  a class  is  subdivided:  — 

800  Literature. 

810  American  literature. 

820  English  literature. 

830  German  literature. 

840  French  literature. 

4.  “Call  numbers”  are  put  on  back  of  books.  Call 

numbers  consist  of  two  parts:  the  class 
number,  showing  the  subject  of  the  book; 
and  the  author  number,  indicating  the  au- 
thor, e.g.,  Brown  B28.  Botsford’s  Ancient 
History,  930  Ancient  History,  B65  Botsford. 
Exceptions  to  use  of  call  number  are  fic- 
tion— usually  without  number,  arranged 
alphabetically  by  author;  biography  — 
usually  B for  class  number,  with  author 
number  indicating  person  written  about; 
reference  — usually  has  R preceding  the  call 
number. 

5.  Arrangement  on  shelves. 

From  left  to  right. 

Top  to  bottom. 

By  numbers,  first  by  class  numbers,  then  author, 
e.g.:  — 


930  930  930  900.3  932 

B65  C32  F36  A31  A33  etc. 


79 


II.  Catalog.  Catalog  teaching  must  be  adapted  to  type  of 
catalog  at  hand.  In  general  emphasize  — 

1.  Dictionary  arrangement. 

2.  Author  j 
Subject  > entries. 

Title  J 

3.  Reference  cards. 

4.  Connection  between  call  number  and  location  on 

shelves.  Will  need  to  teach  only  principles 
of  using,  as  distinguished  from  principles 
of  catalog  making. 

Problems. 

1.  (a)  Where  is  the  “call  number”  to  be  found  on  a 

book?  On  a catalog  card? 

(b)  Of  what  does  it  consist? 

2.  Prepare  on  cards  sets  of  questions  to  be  looked  up 

in  the  catalog.  Each  set  should  provide 
for  one  book  to  be  looked  up  under  its 
author,  one  under  the  title,  one  under  the 
subject,  and  one  question  to  illustrate  the 
use  of  a cross  reference  card.  There  should 
be  as  many  sets  of  questions  as  there  are 
pupils  in  the  class.  The  information  found 
may  be  noted  on  paper  by  the  pupil  and 
passed  in  to  the  librarian  or  teacher. 


80 


III.  SUGGESTED  AIDS  IN  PREPARING  LESSONS. 


Dewey.  Decimal  classification. 

Fay,  L.  E.,  and  Eaton,  A.  T.  Instruction  in  the  use  of  books  and 
libraries.  Bost.  Bk.  Co. 

Hichler,  Theresa.  Cataloging  for  small  libraries.  A.  L.  A. 

Hopkins,  F.  M.  Reference  guides  that  should  be  known  and  how  to 
use  them.  Willard. 

Rice,  A.  L.  Outlines  in  dictionary  study  for  fourth,  fifth,  sixth,  and 
seventh  grades.  Gregg  Pub.  Co. 

Ward,  G.  O.  Practical  use  of  books  and  libraries.  Bost.  Bk.  Co. 

More  complete  outlines  on  the  teaching  of  library  lessons  may 

be  found  in  — 

Rice,  O.  S.  Lessons  on  the  use  of  the  school  library,  issued  by  C.  P. 
Cary,  State  Superintendent,  Madison,  Wis. 

Ward,  G.  O.  Suggestive  outlines  and  methods  for  teaching  the  use  of 
libraries.  Faxon. 

Wiswell,  L.  O.  How  to  use  reference  books.  Am.  Bk.  Co. 


